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From democracy to dictatorship

From democracy to dictatorship. The rise of Hitler and the Nazis. The Weimar republic. Established 1919, after WWI Treaty of Versailles (signed June 28, 1919) angers Germany because of: B lame A rmy R eparations T erritory Unrest + hyperinflation  instability

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From democracy to dictatorship

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  1. From democracy to dictatorship The rise of Hitler and the Nazis

  2. The Weimar republic • Established 1919, after WWI • Treaty of Versailles (signed June 28, 1919) angers Germany because of: • Blame • Army • Reparations • Territory • Unrest + hyperinflation  instability • BUT Germany is still a democracy

  3. The Nazis come to power • November 1932: Nazis win 33% of vote in Reichstag elections • January 1933: President Hindenburg makes Hitler chancellor • BUT the Reichstag still technically controls the chancellor

  4. The Reichstag fire • February 27, 1933: Reichstag (building where the government meets) burns down • Hitler blames the Communists – probably unfairly • Hitler suspends personal freedoms and cracks down on Communists • BUT elections are still held (March 5, 1933) – Nazis win 44% of vote; Communists win 12%

  5. The enabling act • Passed March 23, 1933 • Voted in overwhelmingly by the Reichstag – 441-94 • Communists should have been seated in the Reichstag, but didn’t show up – they would have been arrested • Enabled the Chancellor to punish any “enemies of the state” • Allowed the government to violate the Constitution

  6. The night of the long knives • Old group: the SA (Sturmabteilung, or “Storm Troopers”) – 1921-1934 • Essentially a substitute army • Assaulted political opponents and Jews • Headed by Ernst Rohm from 1931 • Hitler viewed Rohm as a potential challenger • Night of the Long Knives: Rohm and other SA leaders are killed

  7. The ss and the gestapo • SA was replaced by the SS (Schutzstaffel, or “Protection Squadrons”) – 1925-1945 • Elite police/military force that enforced Nazi ideology and racial purity • Personally loyal to Hitler • The Gestapo (“Secret State Police”) – 1933-1945 – undercover police who attacked Hitler’s opponents

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