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Prenatel to One Year

Prenatel to One Year. Inherited. Determined at time of birth Teratogen Any substance that adversely affects the developing chld Tobacco Alcohol Certain drugs (tetracycline) Viruses. Reviewing APGAR. Assessment at 1 min and 5 min Color Reflex Heart rate Respiratory rate Muscle tone.

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Prenatel to One Year

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  1. Prenatel to One Year

  2. Inherited • Determined at time of birth • Teratogen • Any substance that adversely affects the developing chld • Tobacco • Alcohol • Certain drugs (tetracycline) • Viruses

  3. Reviewing APGAR • Assessment at 1 min and 5 min • Color • Reflex • Heart rate • Respiratory rate • Muscle tone

  4. Baby’s Head • Large compared to rest of body • Skull bones soft • Anterior fontanel closes by 12-18 months • Posterior closes by 4 months • Teeth by 6-7 months

  5. Physical Features • Average weight 7.5 pounds • Average length 20 inches • Boys > girls • Skin is thin and delicate – vernix • Skin may have hair- lanugo • May be jaundiced • First stool – meconium - yellow to green then pasty yellow if breast fed

  6. Reflexes • Swallowing • Gagging • Sneezing • Blinking • Rooting (4-6 months) • Babinski- (3 months) • Tonic neck – (head turned to one side, arm and leg will follow) (5 months) • Sucking (6 months) • Palmar Grasp-6 weeks to 3 months

  7. Gross Motor Skills • Large muscle groups • Growth and development progress downward for head to toe • 2 months control head • 3 months sits with support • 7 months sits alone • 10 months creeps • 9-11 months stands with support • 12-15 months – walks

  8. Erickson • Completing the task of trust • Emotional bonds are known as attachment = engrossment • Encourage both parents to attach • Temperament is inborn • Parenteral guidance • Saying NO • Substituting

  9. Cognitive Development • Cause and effect method – responding to new environment • Infant communicates by babbling and smiling • Infants learn to talk by mimicking words and building a vocabulary • By 1 year should say 4-6 words

  10. Fine Motor Skills • Refers to use hands and feet • Follows proximodistal pattern • Shoulder movement before hands and finger movement • 6 months hold a bottle • 5 months purposeful reaching • 7 months preferred hand • Grasping and releasing small objects • 9 months drink from a cup

  11. Moral Development • They react to pain and love and judge behavior on how it affects them

  12. Communication • Crying (fingers in mouth – hungry/ pulling up les –gas/ high pitched noise 0 CNS injury) • Momma, dada

  13. Nutritional Needs • Breast milk or formula • Solids around 5 months • Add one new food at a time • Wean from bottle about 8/9 months (teeth)

  14. VS • Breast • NO prep • Free • Mothers must be present • Moe easily digested • Low in fat • Promotes bonding • Immunity • Uterus contracts • Weight loss • Bottle • Requires prep • More costly • Frees up Mother’s time • NOT • High in fat • Dad can bond • Mother can eat whatever • Amount taken can be measured

  15. Sleep • 20 hours for newborn • Light sleep marked by stirring movements • SIDS linked to sleep patterns (first 5 months) • Put to sleep on back

  16. Play • Help infants learn about their environment • Play is solitary • Bright toys • No small parts

  17. Safety / Health • Most accidents are preventable • Supervision at all times • Regular check-ups – immunizations • Good health habits NEVER USE ASA FOR FEVER OR DISCOMFORT = MAY LEAD TO REYE’S SYNDROME

  18. Doctor Visit • Fever > 100.4 • Difficult or labored breathing • Absence of stools or urine • Persistent vomiting or diarrhea • Extreme lethargy or hyperirritability

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