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African Independence

Explore the history of African independence movements, from Ethiopia and Liberia, through leaders like Kwame Nkrumah and Nelson Mandela. Witness the fight against colonial rule, apartheid, and the quest for democracy and economic prosperity.

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African Independence

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  1. African Independence

  2. By 1900 only 2 African Nations remained independent... • Ethiopia • Liberia

  3. Roots of Independence Movement • Desire for freedom never abandoned • Post WW1 &WW2 movements • American Civil Rights Movement • Nasser & Arab Nationalism

  4. Traditional Colony Colonial Government Export Based Economy European Settled Colony Colonial Government Export Based Economy White Minority Rule Legalized Discrimination Struggle for Independence

  5. Kwame Nkrumah • Under his leadership, Ghana, becomes first African colony to achieve independence

  6. Ghana Becomes Independent • 1957 • 1st Colony to Achieve Independence • Avoids Tribal Conflicts

  7. OAU Nkrumah & WEB de Bois work on Pan-African Movement • Nhrumah founded the OAU--Organization of African Unity • worked to promote African economic independence

  8. Patrice Lumumba • Became 1st independent leader of Congo • considered a radical by west • assassinated in military take over

  9. Rebellion in Kenya • British colony of Kenya heavily settled by White farmers • Took land from Kikuyu and Masai people

  10. Mau Mau Rebellion • Mau Mau called themselves the Land & Freedom Party • protested for Independence • mass arrests

  11. Jomo Kenyatta • Kikuyu leader • arrested for “terrorism” • imprisoned for 8 years • became President of Kenya

  12. Jomo Kenyatta • Kenya becomes strongest democracy in Africa • Kenyatta made Kenya an economic success

  13. Jomo Kenyatta • Kenyatta led fight for African stability and prosperity. • He stays in power to long = corruption & abuse

  14. Ending Apartheid in South Africa • African National Congress • Political Party • began fight against Apartheid

  15. Apartheid

  16. Nelson Mandela • Leader of ANC • arrested and jailed for 28 years • 120 ANC leaders were jailed

  17. The Years of Struggle

  18. Steve Biko • Biko organized student protests against Apartheid • banned person • beaten to death by police

  19. Bishop Desmond Tutu • Anglican minister who led international protest against Apartheid • South Africa sanctioned

  20. Impact of Sanctions • Worldwide Protest against Apartheid • Ban on Trade & Banking • Financial Crisis in South Africa

  21. F.W. de Klerk & Nelson Mandela • De Klerk, white prime minister • negotiated with Mandela • released him from Prison • made agreement for free elections with all South African’s allowed to vote

  22. South Africa Avoids Bloodbath

  23. South African Independence • 1994: first free elections • Nelson Mandela became President of South Africa • 1994 to present: South Africans work to create economic equality • tribunal: trials for criminal acts under Apartheid

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