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Environmental Services and Rural Land Uses

Environmental Services and Rural Land Uses. Denis Pesche, CIRAD. Montpellier, 22 march 2009. Serena in few words. An international research program mobilizing social sciences (economy, agro-economy, sociology, political science, geography,…)

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Environmental Services and Rural Land Uses

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  1. Environmental Services and Rural Land Uses Denis Pesche, CIRAD Montpellier, 22 mars 2010 Montpellier, 22 march 2009

  2. Serena in few words • An international research program mobilizing social sciences (economy, agro-economy, sociology, political science, geography,…) • A 4 years program (2009-2012) gathering more than 35 researchers from 7 French research institutions and 2 other country (Costa Rica, Madagascar). • Funding by the French National Agency for Research (ANR) • Coordination : Montpellier, 22 mars 2010

  3. Global framework • The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) popularized the concept of ecosystem servicesintroducing four categories : provisioning, regulating, cultural and supporting services. • The concept of environmental services is mainly used by economists and policy makers, in a perspective of new policy instruments on environmental issues. • The growing use of ES concepts draw new relations among traditionally separate “worlds” or sectors : production (agriculture forestry), conservation, environment,… ES in policies create new space for debate on environmental and agricultural issues. Montpellier, 22 mars 2010

  4. A key objective To better understand the origin of ES and their uses and application in rural and conservation policies This knowledge should help to identify principles and mechanisms that facilitate the effective consideration of this concept in the new policies and instruments Three lines of questioning Montpellier, 22 mars 2010

  5. Analytical framework (1) 1Origin of the SE concept and its uses in policies International governance 3 Policy feedback National public policies Level Origin of Policy Instruments Governanceof Policy Instruments Policy Instruments using SE concept 2 Montpellier, 22 mars 2010

  6. SERENA Program Collaborations Collaborations Montpellier, 22 mars 2010

  7. Field studies • 15 cases studies in 3 countries • PES (CR, M) • Parks and protected areas (CR, M, F) • Quality labels (CR, F) • Agri-environmental Measures (F/EU) (France : Auvergne + Guadeloupe + La Réunion) Montpellier, 22 mars 2010

  8. Some elements in ongoing research's • Genealogy of SE and PSE : different and relatively autonomous streams • Emergence of PSE in Costa Rica : analyzing change and coalitions in policy process (science and decision makers Montpellier, 22 mars 2010

  9. ES : an accelerated interest Serena, UMR Métafort février 2010 Montpellier, 22 mars 2010

  10. ES and PES : a common story ? Monetary valuation Pilots (80’s…) Networks, end of 90’s (Forest Trends…) ONG IUCN, CI, WWF… WRI, IIED, WB Reports … « World Resources » (mid-80) Vth IUCN World Parks Congress 2003 « Bénéfices par delà les frontières » Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (2001-2005) « The ES Stream » « The conservation Stream » Financing conservation Function and ecosystem services PES Montpellier, 22 mars 2010

  11. « The ES stream » (1) 1986…. 1998 Montpellier, 22 mars 2010

  12. Millennium DevelopmentGoals Millennium DevelopmentGoals Millennium DevelopmentGoals « The ES stream » (2) 2000 2001 2003 Montpellier, 22 mars 2010 2005

  13. « The ES stream » (3) • Mainstreaming ES at International level • Focus on new financial mechanism (PES) Montpellier, 22 mars 2010

  14. « The conservation/PES stream » (1) • Difficulties to fund parks • Weak national budgets in DC’s • Foreign Aid to Development limited • Need for alternative funding mechanisms Montpellier, 22 mars 2010

  15. « The conservation/PES stream » (2) Source : Chape, S., Harrison, J., Spalding, M., and Lysenko, I. 2005. “Measuring the extent and effectiveness of protected areas as an indicator for meeting global biodiversity targets” Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B, 360, 443–455. Montpellier, 22 mars 2010

  16. « The conservation/PES stream » (1) A growing literature on financing protected Areas Montpellier, 22 mars 2010

  17. « The PES ebullience…! » 1999 2002 2003-2004 2005 Montpellier, 22 mars 2010

  18. Costa Rica : pioneering in PES • The slow emergence of forestry policies • A combination of national initiatives and international interactions • Alliances, opportunities, ES as new narrative in environmental policies • PES scheme (FONAFIFO) Montpellier, 22 mars 2010

  19. Cost Rica : flow of emerging PES (1990-1996) Science Ecological Economics Univ USA CCT Studies UNA Conf. 1994 MinEnv Ley 1996 Cong. 1994 Dir forest Sinac Codeforsa Need for new arguments for Forest policies Empirical approach (projects) Fundecor 1989 CCF 1994 Local experiments (Boscosa, Reforesta) 1992 GTZ USAID Montpellier, 22 mars 2010

  20. Costa Rica : opportunity windows for SE External events International Conventions CC et Biodiv. -1992 (opportunity) WTOPb with subsidies 1995 (Constraints) 1980/90 Interests Groups Strong Forestry Organizations Environmental NGOs 1996 Political Change New government and Ministry Use of SE within forest sector policy Forest Law 7575 1996 Institutions MIRENEM, DGF Existing instruments (reforestation, management,..) Strong Interests groupes in forestry CCF (1994) Ideas SE, PSE Economic valuation of conservation Need to change instruments Local experiments Montpellier, 22 mars 2010

  21. Costa Rica : other topics - A -PES • B - Conservation • Parks • C - Green Labels - D -Agri-Environment Concept A1 (Doc.) B1 B5 D1 C1 Policies Governance Mechanisms A2 C2 Nat. B2 A3 B3 B4 A4 Loc. Feedback Montpellier, 22 mars 2010

  22. Back to Serena program Next steps : • Workshop on PES (end of 2010) • Workshop on Parks/Conservation (2011) • Synthesis meeting (2012) • Forecasting meeting with decision makers (2012) Montpellier, 22 mars 2010

  23. www.serena-anr.org/ Thank you for your attention Montpellier, 22 mars 2010

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