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USA-CANADA-FRANCE Comparisons on HMA. François CHAIGNON COLAS Inc CUPGA November 2004. Agenda. 1. Introduction 2. HMA in New York State 3. HMA in Quebec 4. HMA in France 5. Comparisons 6. Conclusions.
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USA-CANADA-FRANCEComparisons on HMA François CHAIGNON COLAS Inc CUPGA November 2004
Agenda 1. Introduction 2. HMA in New York State 3. HMA in Quebec 4. HMA in France 5. Comparisons 6. Conclusions
Canada – USA - France • Formulations • Equipment • Marshall in Western Canada and USA • SUPERPAVE in USA, Ontario and Quebec • Some kind of SUPERPAVE in France • Gyratory compactor • Wheel track test • Fatigue test • Hot and black everywhere • Universal HMA?
Formulations • USA • New York State • SUPERPAVE since 1995
New York State • Formulation 12.5 mm Superpave • Aggregates • Physical requirements • LA < 35 • MgSO4 18% max • Consensus properties • Crushed count • FAA • Friction aggregates
New York State • Formulation 12.5 mm SUPERPAVE • Asphalt Cement • PG 64-28 • Neat asphalt
New York State • Formulation 12.5 mm SUPERPAVE • 1st step: Optimization of the gradation • 3 blends for the gradation • Same AC content • 2nd step: Optimization of the AC • 3 AC contents • 4% Air voids at N design • Then with the final AC N max • 3rd step • Validation by DOT regional lab
New York State • Formulation 12.5 mm SUPERPAVE • Tender requirements • ESAL • PG • Maximum size gradation • RAP percentage is 20% in all mixes • 30% in base 37.5mm
New York State • Formulation 12.5 mm SUPERPAVE ESAL design requirements
New York State • Requirements for lab technicians • Certification for technician at the plant • Good partnership between the industry and NYDOT • Certification set up together • Joint Technical committee
Quebec • Components • Aggregates • Depending of traffic • Fraction • Asphalt Cement • PG grades
Quebec • Volume of AC given per formula • AC computed based on the porosity of the aggregates • Gradation to comply with • Gyratory compactor • Wheel track test
Quebec • Specifications ESG 10 • Enrobés Semi Grenu 10 mm • Gyratory • 10g C > 10% • 80g 4% > C > 7% • 200g C >2% • Wheel track test • 1000 cycles R < 10% • 3000 cycles R < 20% • 30000 cycles R > 10%
France • Components • Choice depending on the traffic • Aggregates • Liquid Asphalt • Formulation • Gradation • PCG • Wheel Track test (function of the traffic) • Fatigue test (function of the traffic)
France Aggregates • Higher specs in Europe • LA, MDE and PSV • Narrow Fractions • Film of binder • Formulation to approach the AC content • Based on the gradation • Based on the area to be coated
France • Gyratory • Not linked to the traffic • Goal is for the compaction of the HMA • Linked to the maximum size aggregates
France • Gyratory Press • P.C.G.
France • Wheel track test • Rutting at 60°C • Different values depending of the formulation
France • Wheel track test
France • Fatigue test • Modulus • ε6 • Both values linked to road design
France • Fatigue test
Comparisons • Components • Aggregates • Higher requirements in Quebec and France • Use of RAP (yes in NY, no in Quebec, yes in France) • Function of the traffic in Quebec and France • Large specs in NYS as in the US • Fractions in Quebec and France
Comparisons • Components • Liquid Asphalt • PG grade in NY and Quebec • Penetration and R&B in France (EU specs) • Linked to traffic in France
Comparisons • Methods • Marshall Design • SUPERPAVE design • Linked to the traffic • Gyratory press • Linked to compaction on site • Wheel track test • Fatigue test
Comparisons • Final mixes • HMA /ACP wearing courses • NY 12.5 mm Superpave • Quebec ESG 10 • France BBSG 10
Conclusions • The use of the gyratory press is quite different • Gradation • AC content
La Presse à Cisaillement Giratoire Type 3 Evaluation dela SGC Pine
The Pine SGC Evaluation dela SGC Pine
F a F COMPACTION EFFECT Rotation Compaction Strength Éprouvette cylindrique Compaction Angle Use of PCG in the French Procedure Forecast the compaction level that can be achieved on the job site During the test, the surface of the cylinder is kept constant, the height decreases Evaluation dela SGC Pine
COMPARISON between PCG3 and SGC PINE Evaluation dela SGC Pine
Comparison of design procedures • Goals: French method Superpave Method Measurement of void content for a given number of giration. This number is a function of the hot mix type. Measurement of the number of giration in order to get 4% voids content. Comparison between Ngir and Ndesign • Hot mix production: French method Superpave Méthod The whole amount of mixes is made at the same time Preparation of hot mis specimen one after another. Hot mixes ageing for two hours at the compaction temperature. Evaluation dela SGC Pine
Une différence dans l’exploitation des résultats The two press give the variation of the height of the specimen versus the number of giration. • French method: use of the experimental curve as it is. • Superpave method: the experimental curve has to be corrected courbe de compacité du BBSG 0/10 Noubleau avec et sans correction Evaluation dela SGC Pine
The superpave method is complex and time consuming : • Determination of various specific gravities • Evaluation of VMA, VFA et Va, • Measurement of compacity at Ndes, Nmax et Nini : • Cdes = 96 % à Ndes, • Cmax < 98 % à Nmax, • Cmin < 89 % à Nmin. Evaluation dela SGC Pine
LES RESULTATS DES 2 PRESSES 18 design mixes were tested, • SGC Pine and PCG tests détermination du domaine de définition de la SGC Pine Evaluation dela SGC Pine
A 1 giration • La pente k V1 pine = 0,95xV1 pcg3 kpine = 1,19xKpcg3 Identical results for 1 giration SGC compaction is faster than PCG compaction Evaluation dela SGC Pine
Corrélation entre les deux machines V’% PINE = V% PCG3 - 1,29 – 0,71 x ln(N) pourcentages de vides à la Pine fonction du pourcentage de vides à la PCG 3 à 20 et à 60 girations Evaluation dela SGC Pine
Evaluation of some French mix design versus Suprepave specs • Type of hot mixes: • GB, • BBSG, • EME, • BBMa et les BBME • Performances to be reached: • 4 % voids content at the higher Ngir , • FullFill the specs related to (VMA, VFA, Va, Cini, Cmax …). Evaluation dela SGC Pine
Results : All hot mix types comply with Superpave specs • Classification of hot mix types Traffic : Low level Medium level High level BBME<BBMa<EME BBSG GB Use in France: BBSG,GB BBME, EME, BBMa Evaluation dela SGC Pine
LES RELATIONS AVEC LE TERRAIN • Les résultats à la PCG 3 et à la SGC Pine : Compacités PCG déterminées par la la relation CPCG = C10xe Bissectrice : Cterrain = C10xe évaluation des deux presses en fonction de la compacité terrain Evaluation dela SGC Pine
Relation compacité terrain – SGC Pine : Compacités SGC Pine déterminées par la la relation Cpine =C6xe Bissectrice : Cterrain = C6xe compacités Pine (C6 x e) fonction des compacités terrain Evaluation dela SGC Pine
Next steps + Check the behavior of superpave mix design versus : French rutting test Complex modulus Evaluation dela SGC Pine
Construction • No big differences in manufacturing • Batch plants more likely in France and Quebec • Drum plants in the USA • North America / Europe • Pavers • High compaction screed with tampers and vibration • Speed!! • Rollers • France: Pneumatic tires rollers • Rare in North America
Construction • Smoothness / Rideability • More and more important • Waves lengths in France • IRI or Profilograph • Continuous feeding of the paver • Speed • The driver can feel it
Construction • More targeted to the driver/tax payer • Skid resistance • Smoothness • Noise reduction • Color • Comfort and safety