USA-CANADA-FRANCE Comparisons on HMA

1. USA-CANADA-FRANCEComparisons on HMA François CHAIGNON COLAS Inc CUPGA November 2004

2. Agenda 1. Introduction 2. HMA in New York State 3. HMA in Quebec 4. HMA in France 5. Comparisons 6. Conclusions

3. Canada – USA - France • Formulations • Equipment • Marshall in Western Canada and USA • SUPERPAVE in USA, Ontario and Quebec • Some kind of SUPERPAVE in France • Gyratory compactor • Wheel track test • Fatigue test • Hot and black everywhere • Universal HMA?

4. Formulations • USA • New York State • SUPERPAVE since 1995

5. New York State • Formulation 12.5 mm Superpave • Aggregates • Physical requirements • LA < 35 • MgSO4 18% max • Consensus properties • Crushed count • FAA • Friction aggregates

6. New York State • Formulation 12.5 mm SUPERPAVE • Asphalt Cement • PG 64-28 • Neat asphalt

7. New York State • Formulation 12.5 mm SUPERPAVE • 1st step: Optimization of the gradation • 3 blends for the gradation • Same AC content • 2nd step: Optimization of the AC • 3 AC contents • 4% Air voids at N design • Then with the final AC N max • 3rd step • Validation by DOT regional lab

8. New York State • Formulation 12.5 mm SUPERPAVE • Tender requirements • ESAL • PG • Maximum size gradation • RAP percentage is 20% in all mixes • 30% in base 37.5mm

9. New York State • Formulation 12.5 mm SUPERPAVE ESAL design requirements

10. New York State

12. New York State • Requirements for lab technicians • Certification for technician at the plant • Good partnership between the industry and NYDOT • Certification set up together • Joint Technical committee

14. Quebec • Components • Aggregates • Depending of traffic • Fraction • Asphalt Cement • PG grades

15. Quebec • Volume of AC given per formula • AC computed based on the porosity of the aggregates • Gradation to comply with • Gyratory compactor • Wheel track test

16. Quebec • Specifications ESG 10 • Enrobés Semi Grenu 10 mm • Gyratory • 10g C > 10% • 80g 4% > C > 7% • 200g C >2% • Wheel track test • 1000 cycles R < 10% • 3000 cycles R < 20% • 30000 cycles R > 10%

17. France • Components • Choice depending on the traffic • Aggregates • Liquid Asphalt • Formulation • Gradation • PCG • Wheel Track test (function of the traffic) • Fatigue test (function of the traffic)

18. France Aggregates • Higher specs in Europe • LA, MDE and PSV • Narrow Fractions • Film of binder • Formulation to approach the AC content • Based on the gradation • Based on the area to be coated

19. France • Gyratory • Not linked to the traffic • Goal is for the compaction of the HMA • Linked to the maximum size aggregates

20. France • Gyratory Press • P.C.G.

21. France • Wheel track test • Rutting at 60°C • Different values depending of the formulation

22. France • Wheel track test

23. France • Fatigue test • Modulus • ε6 • Both values linked to road design

24. France • Fatigue test

25. Comparisons • Components • Aggregates • Higher requirements in Quebec and France • Use of RAP (yes in NY, no in Quebec, yes in France) • Function of the traffic in Quebec and France • Large specs in NYS as in the US • Fractions in Quebec and France

26. Comparisons • Components • Liquid Asphalt • PG grade in NY and Quebec • Penetration and R&B in France (EU specs) • Linked to traffic in France

27. Comparisons • Methods • Marshall Design • SUPERPAVE design • Linked to the traffic • Gyratory press • Linked to compaction on site • Wheel track test • Fatigue test

28. Comparisons • Final mixes • HMA /ACP wearing courses • NY 12.5 mm Superpave • Quebec ESG 10 • France BBSG 10

31. Conclusions • The use of the gyratory press is quite different • Gradation • AC content

32. La Presse à Cisaillement Giratoire Type 3 Evaluation dela SGC Pine

33. The Pine SGC Evaluation dela SGC Pine

34. F a F COMPACTION EFFECT Rotation Compaction Strength Éprouvette cylindrique Compaction Angle Use of PCG in the French Procedure Forecast the compaction level that can be achieved on the job site During the test, the surface of the cylinder is kept constant, the height decreases Evaluation dela SGC Pine

35. COMPARISON between PCG3 and SGC PINE Evaluation dela SGC Pine

36. Comparison of design procedures • Goals: French method Superpave Method Measurement of void content for a given number of giration. This number is a function of the hot mix type. Measurement of the number of giration in order to get 4% voids content. Comparison between Ngir and Ndesign • Hot mix production: French method Superpave Méthod The whole amount of mixes is made at the same time Preparation of hot mis specimen one after another. Hot mixes ageing for two hours at the compaction temperature. Evaluation dela SGC Pine

37. Une différence dans l’exploitation des résultats The two press give the variation of the height of the specimen versus the number of giration. • French method: use of the experimental curve as it is. • Superpave method: the experimental curve has to be corrected courbe de compacité du BBSG 0/10 Noubleau avec et sans correction Evaluation dela SGC Pine

38. The superpave method is complex and time consuming : • Determination of various specific gravities • Evaluation of VMA, VFA et Va, • Measurement of compacity at Ndes, Nmax et Nini : • Cdes = 96 % à Ndes, • Cmax < 98 % à Nmax, • Cmin < 89 % à Nmin. Evaluation dela SGC Pine

39. LES RESULTATS DES 2 PRESSES 18 design mixes were tested, • SGC Pine and PCG tests détermination du domaine de définition de la SGC Pine Evaluation dela SGC Pine

40. A 1 giration • La pente k V1 pine = 0,95xV1 pcg3 kpine = 1,19xKpcg3 Identical results for 1 giration SGC compaction is faster than PCG compaction Evaluation dela SGC Pine

41. Corrélation entre les deux machines V’% PINE = V% PCG3 - 1,29 – 0,71 x ln(N) pourcentages de vides à la Pine fonction du pourcentage de vides à la PCG 3 à 20 et à 60 girations Evaluation dela SGC Pine

42. Evaluation of some French mix design versus Suprepave specs • Type of hot mixes: • GB, • BBSG, • EME, • BBMa et les BBME • Performances to be reached: • 4 % voids content at the higher Ngir , • FullFill the specs related to (VMA, VFA, Va, Cini, Cmax …). Evaluation dela SGC Pine

43. Results : All hot mix types comply with Superpave specs • Classification of hot mix types Traffic : Low level Medium level High level BBME<BBMa<EME BBSG GB Use in France: BBSG,GB BBME, EME, BBMa Evaluation dela SGC Pine

44. LES RELATIONS AVEC LE TERRAIN • Les résultats à la PCG 3 et à la SGC Pine : Compacités PCG déterminées par la la relation CPCG = C10xe Bissectrice : Cterrain = C10xe évaluation des deux presses en fonction de la compacité terrain Evaluation dela SGC Pine

45. Relation compacité terrain – SGC Pine : Compacités SGC Pine déterminées par la la relation Cpine =C6xe Bissectrice : Cterrain = C6xe compacités Pine (C6 x e) fonction des compacités terrain Evaluation dela SGC Pine

46. Next steps + Check the behavior of superpave mix design versus : French rutting test Complex modulus Evaluation dela SGC Pine

47. Construction • No big differences in manufacturing • Batch plants more likely in France and Quebec • Drum plants in the USA • North America / Europe • Pavers • High compaction screed with tampers and vibration • Speed!! • Rollers • France: Pneumatic tires rollers • Rare in North America

48. Construction • Smoothness / Rideability • More and more important • Waves lengths in France • IRI or Profilograph • Continuous feeding of the paver • Speed • The driver can feel it

49. Construction • More targeted to the driver/tax payer • Skid resistance • Smoothness • Noise reduction • Color • Comfort and safety

50. Construction Europe