Trading States of East Africa

1. Trading States of East Africa Chapter 10 Section 2

2. Key Terms Ezana Ge’ez Lalibela Swahili

3. Aksum and Ethiopia • Grew in 1st century • Located present day Ethiopia • Askum controlled the Red Sea • Most powerful kingdom in East Africa

4. The Rise of Askum • Descendants from Arabia • Two main cities • Askum • Adulis • Kingdom from Ethiopian Highlands to the Red Sea • Well suited for agriculture

5. The Rise of Askum • Ideal for trade • Access to Indian Ocean • Attracted traders from Africa’s interior • India, Persia, Egypt • Brought gold, frankincense, ivory, enslaved Africans • Exchanged goods for cloth and spices

6. Askum at its Height • Wealthy • Strong military power • King Ezana- 320 reached its height • Collected tribute from other leaders • Attacked and defeated Kush • Askum greatest power in East Africa

7. Culture of Askum • Diverse culture • 300’s Christianity • Stelae- stone monument with Erzana’s promise • Ge’ez- the written and spoken language of Askum • One of first written languages

8. Culture of Askum • Still used in Ethiopian ceremonies • First to mint own coins

9. The Decline of Askum • 600’s Askum declines • Area became Muslim and Christian • Muslims destroyed Adulis • Helped shape Ethiopian history

10. Ethiopia • 1100’s Ethiopia is established • Zagwe dynasty King Lalibela- ruled during 1200’2 • Built 11 stone Christian churches • Carved out of solid rock • Christianity unified Ethiopians

11. Ethiopia • 1270 second dynasty of Christians • “Glory of the Kings” • Claimed to be descendants of Hebrew King Solomon and Queen of Sheba • Solomonid Dynasty • Fought religious wars • Ruled for 700 years to 1974

12. Ethiopia • Jews called Beta Jews lived there • 1400 Christian Kings fought Beta Jews • Muslim Arabs called Kingdom of Adal • 1300’s Muslim and Christian came into conflict

13. Coastal City-States • East coast drew traders • Indian Ocean and Monsoons winds • Blew from India to Africa between November and March • April to October they reverse • Zanj- eastern Africa

14. Coastal City-States • Mogadishu, Mombasa, Kilwa, and Sofala • Linked oversea traders with interior Africa • Africa traded raw materials for other goods • Ivory highly prized • Gold from southern Africa

15. Coastal City-States • Enslaved Africans from the interior are sold • Sent to Asia as domestic servants • Would increase after Europeans • Reached peak 1300-1400 • Kilwa’s power increased because of trade

16. Swahili • Muslim, Arabs, Asians settled in the city-states • Groups intermarried • Swahili-blending of Bantu and Arab words • Islam gained a hold on coastal states • Mosques appeared in towns

17. Great Zimbabwe • Shoana people • 1100’s Great Zimbabwe • Limpopo and Zambezi Rivers • Now part of Zimbabwe • Lay along trade routes • Interior mines to city-states on the coast

18. The Great Enclosure • Zimbabwe means stone houses • Great enclosures-35 feet high 180 feet long • No mortar • Used as astronomical observatory

19. The Mutapa Empire • Great Zimbawe had 18,000 people • 1400’s abandoned the area • 1500’s in ruins • Mutupa Empire • Based on oral tradition • Mutota founder

20. The Mutapa Empire • 1400’s gained control of surrounding territory • Called master pillager • MweneMutapa • 1500 controlled Zimbabwe • Exported gold • Controlled trade through its territory