Trading states in Africa

1. Trading states in Africa Chapter 11

2. Early civilizations of Africa Section 1

3. Sahara • Who: Africans • What: the largest desert in the world, a geographic feature in the great variety of African landscapes • Where: Northern Africa • When: 730 BC- present • Why: this desert plays a major role in the development of Africa & it’s trading kingdoms that develop

4. Sahara (6) • Who: Africans • What: the largest desert in the world; just one geographic feature in the great variety of African land • Where: North Africa • When: 730 BC- present • Why: the geographic features of this area played a major role in the development of Africa

5. Sahara (7) • Who: Africans • What: largest desert in the world; just one of the many geographic features of Africa • Where: Northern Africa • When: 730 BC- present • Why: this desert played a major role in the development of N. Africa = desert = not a lot of vegetation = lower population; trade routes went through here

6. Savannahs (6) • Who: Africans • What: grassy plains, make up the continent’s largest & most populated regions • Where: Central & South Africa • When: 730 BC- present • Why: this area had the most vegetation = food = larger population; this geographic region affected how/where ppl lived

7. Savannas (7) • Who: Africans • What: grassy plains, the continent’s largest & most populated regions • Where: Central & South Africa • When: 730 BC- present • Why: these grassy plains had a lot of vegetation = food = people = most populous regions of Africa

8. Cataracts (6) • Who: Africans • What: waterfalls on high plateaues • Where: Africa • When: 730 BC- present • Why: these hindered easy movement from place to place in Africa, acted as barriers = travel from place to place was hard

9. Cataracts (7) • Who: Africans • What: waterfalls that hindered movement throughout Africa • Where: high plateaus of Africa • When: 730 BC- present • Why: these served as barriers to trade= they hindered easy movement of ppls from place to place

10. Workbook pg 98 • I. • A. • 1. Sahara- largest desert in the world, shapes Africa = not as many ppl live here b.c. of desert • 2. Savannahs- grassy plains w. vegetation = most populous region • 3. Cataracts- hindered movement throughout Africa, acted as barriers

11. I. • B. • 1. Minerals (salt, gold, copper ,iron) showed wealth & power = trade increased • 2. Camels could travel long distances w.o water & could carry heavy loads = trade increased

12. Savannah • Who: Africans • What: grassy plains, Africa’s largest & most populated region • Where: Central & South Africa • When: 730 BC- present • Why: moving north & south throughout Africa, this is the continent’s most populated region b.c. of all the vegetation

13. Cataracts • Who: Africans • What: waterfalls on high plateaus • Where: Africa • When: 730 BC- present • Why: these hindered easy movement throughout the continent b.c. they were difficult to cross = limits travel

14. Workbook pg 98 • I. • A. Geographic patterns • Sahara- desert region in the North (not a lot of ppl live here); Savannahs- most populated due to a lot of vegetation = food • Cataracts, (waterfalls)- restrict people from moving about the continent B. Resources spur trade - Salt, gold, iron & copper were valuable = great wealth & power = trade throughout Africa - Camels allowed more trade through the desert b.c. they were able to carry heavy loads & go long times w.o water= trade increased through the Sahara

15. Desertification • Who: Africans • What: a climate change that slowly dried out the Sahara, cropland & pastureland are devoured/destroyed • Where: Northern Africa, Sahara desert • When: 2500 BC • Why: as the land became parched, the desert spread; the desertification led to migration b.c.pplhad to find new areas to live in that maintained their way of life

16. II. Part A. • 1) Hunters & gatherers settled down & learned to cultivate the Nile Valley & domesticate animals • 2)Sahara used to be covered with rich grasslands & savannah = ppl lived here • 3)Desertification- dried out vegetation = pplmigrated (leave) • 4) Ppl leave to find new areas that maintain their ways of life

17. II. Part B • 1. People migrated all throughout Africa = diverse cultures/languages- root language = Bantu • 2. The Bantu spread their skills/language & merge with other groups; still there today

18. Bantu • Who: Africans • What: the root language of the African languages • Where: Africa, W. Africa • When: 1000BC- present • Why: gives the movement “Bantu migrations” its’ name; Bantu-speakers spread their skills of farming, iron working, & domesticating animals; other existing cultures merged w. Bantu; their influence is still in the languages of that region today

19. Nubia • Who: Egyptians, Nubian, Northeast Africans • What: ancient kingdom called Kush • Where: Egypt, northeast Africa, on the Nile • When: 2700 BC • Why: this kingdom was flourishing, trade led to contact b/n Nubia & Egypt; Nubia was under Egyptian control & remained that way for about 500 years = Nubia adopted several Egyptian traditions

20. Meroe