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Buffalo Facts

Buffalo Facts. Not really “buffalo” - they are actually “bison” Range: Canadian border to Gulf of Mexico As far east as Ohio Sizes Bull (boy): 6 feet high, 10 feet long, 2,000 pounds Cow (girl): usually smaller Calf (baby): 20-40 pounds, yellow hair. Buffalo Facts.

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Buffalo Facts

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  1. Buffalo Facts • Not really “buffalo” - they are actually “bison” • Range: • Canadian border to Gulf of Mexico • As far east as Ohio • Sizes • Bull (boy): 6 feet high, 10 feet long, 2,000 pounds • Cow (girl): usually smaller • Calf (baby): 20-40 pounds, yellow hair

  2. Buffalo Facts • A buffalo could live to the age of 25 years • Hunted almost year-round • Summer: good for hides • Late Fall: good for meat • Winter: good for robes • Uses of Buffalo • Food • Clothing • Weapons • Shelter • Warmth

  3. Hunting Buffalo • “Buffalo Fall” (“Buffalo Jump”) • Hunter leads or drives herd over cliff, onto rocks and branches below • Other hunters then kill wounded buffalo • Deep-blood Kettle (Piskin) • Large corral of logs and rocks, built against side of cliff • Herd driven into corral, gate closed • Hunters kill buffalo with spears and arrows from top of walls

  4. Hunting Buffalo • Buffalo Surround • Hunters on horses form giant circle around buffalo • Men killed buffalo • Women skinned and “dressed” buffalo • Women were “experts” on working of buffalo hides

  5. Uses of the Buffalo • Hide (Skin and Hair) • Robes • Bedding • Tipi and lodge coverings • Swaddling for babies • Shields • Moccasin soles • Drumheads • Bags and pouches • Hair • Ropes • Ornaments

  6. Uses of the Buffalo • Meat • Cooked and eaten • Cut into strips, dried and saved • Pemmican • Dried meat, ground into powder • Mixed with melted fat • Sometimes berries added • Good for long trips • Organs • Eaten raw, usually at site of kill • Liver, brain, kidneys

  7. Uses of the Buffalo • Stomach • Cleaned and used as container for cooking • Intestines • Cleaned, used for cooking ground meats, stews • Roasted until crisp, for a “snack” • Bones • Roasted, cracked, marrow (insides) eaten • Tools • Sleds • Dice

  8. Uses of the Buffalo • Sinew • Thread • Bowstrings • Head used in ceremonies • Horns • Ceremonies • Made into spoons, ladles, cups • Toys • Hooves • Rattles • Glue • Bladder used for medicine bag

  9. Uses of the Buffalo • Tail • Fly switch • Duster • Blood made into a pudding • Dung • Dried, ground into baby powder • Fuel for fires • Ceremonies

  10. Sources • Ballantine, B. & Ballantine, I. (Eds.). (1993). The Native Americans: An illustrated history. Atlanta: Turner Publishing. • Grant, B. (1994). Concise encyclopedia of the American Indian. Avenel, NJ: Wings Books. • Time-Life (Eds.). (1993). The buffalo hunters. In H. Woodhead (Series Ed.), The American Indians. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life.

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