Chapter 3 The 13 Colonies

1. Chapter 3The 13 Colonies

2. F.O.A. (Bellwork) • Turn in your homework (one paragraph on commercial economy and one on sustinence farming) • What states are in the South? • Name the 13 colonies • What’s a good way to remember the 13 colonies?

3. There's a cow named Georgia (georgia)IT's a Jersey cow (new jersey)She's sitting on top the empire state building ( New York)Singing a couple of christmas carols (n & s Carolina)Under her arm is a Virginia Ham (virginia and New Hamshire)The cow is wearing yellow underwear (rhymes with delaware)In its hoof is a pencil (pennsylvania)The cow is making a coonect-the-dots drawing (connecticut)of Marilyn Monroe (maryland)Walking down a road (rhode island)Going to mass (massachusetts)

4. Section 1 The Southern Colonies

5. Jamestown, VA • Founded in 1607 by the London Company • Joint-stock company • The oldest permanent English settlement in North America • Many of the first settlers died due to starvation, disease, and inexperience

6. Jamestown, VA • 1st good leader – John Smith • Brought some stability; built a fort • 2nd good leader – John Rolfe • Married Pocahantas, introduced VA tobacco to England, and improved relations with the Powhatan Indians

7. Jamestown, VA • In 1622, fighting broke out between the Powhatan and the settlers • Settlers couldn’t defend their territory, so their charter was revoked • Jamestown and all of VA were made into a royal colony governed by the king of England

8. Daily Life in VA • Plantations • Large farms where one crop was grown • Need for a strong labor force • Due to the large number of plantations, owners needed a large, steady workforce

9. Think about it. . .Page 74 Indentured Servant Slave

10. Labor Force • Indentured servants were the first major source of labor in VA. • Agreed to work 4-7 years in exchange for a ride to the VA colony • Worked based on a contract • Once the contract was up, the servant was freed; many became successful and wealthy • Indentured servants were cheaper because the master did not own them

11. Labor Force • Slaves were also being sold in the VA colony • Lifelong service • Involuntary service • No hope for freedom • More expensive because buying a slave meant complete ownership of them.

12. Cause and Effect of Increased Slave Labor • Cause – The demand for indentured servants rose, but the supply was too small. • Effect – As a result, many plantation owners began buying slaves to work on their farms.

13. Nathaniel Bacon’s Rebellion • Some Jamestown settlers were upset with British taxes and kindness toward Indians • Nathaniel Bacon led a rebellion where he first attacked the Indians and then burned most of Jamestown (Bacon’s Rebellion)

14. Other Southern Colonies

15. Maryland (1632) • Founded by Lord Baltimore as a safe colony for Catholics to worship freely • Proprietary Colony • Allowed settlers to govern themselves; had to obey British laws as well • Toleration Act of 1649 • Made Maryland a center of religious freedom for all groups

16. Carolina (1663) • Originally one colony; got too big and became two colonies in 1712. • Most NC settlers were from Virginia and were farmers • SC was mainly settled by European farmers; became a royal colony in 1729.

17. Georgia (1732) • Founded by James Oglethorpe as a penal colony • Created as a place where debtors could start a new life • At first, slavery and plantations were both outlawed in Georgia • Settlers were unhappy with the system; in 1752 it became a royal colony • King George gave the settlers what they wanted; plantations and slavery were soon dominant

18. The Economy of the South • Economy • Southern colonies depended mostly upon AGRICULTURE and FARMING!!! TOBACCO RICE INDIGO

19. Southern Economy and Slavery • The Southern need for agriculture demanded a large slave labor force • By the 1700s, slaves were used more than indentured servants • The Southern states created slave codes • Laws to control slaves • Slaves could not hold meetings, learn to read or write, have weapons, and in some colonies masters could not free slaves

21. Homework • Read pages 72-77. • Answer 1-4 all parts on page 77. • Due tomorrow at the beginning of class. • Counts as a quiz grade.

22. Section 2 The New England Colonies

23. Religious Freedom • Protestant Reformation resulted in the Church of England • Puritans wanted to reform or “purify” the COE • Separatists wanted to completely leave the COE; the Pilgrims were one such group

24. Pilgrims • The Pilgrims first fled to Holland for religious freedom • But they didn’t want their kids growing up speaking Dutch, so. . . • They received a charter to a start a new colony; rode the Mayflower ship to VA • Landed far north of VA in Massachusetts • Plymouth Rock

25. Mayflower Compact • Since they landed so far from their intended spot, they ignored their charter • Mayflower Compact -They agreed to govern themselves

26. Thanksgiving • Pilgrims received help from the local Indians in the form of food and shelter • Squanto • Sometime around 1621 they sat down and celebrated together

27. New England Life (Pilgrim Life) • The daily life of the Pilgrims in Mass. was farm/agriculture based • The center of daily life focused on the family • Source of religion, healthcare, and communication • Children were well-educated • Women had more legal rights than in England

28. More Migration • Heavy taxes, a bad economy, and religious persecution forced thousands of other Puritans to flee England to America • Massachusetts Bay Colony • Joint-stock company that settled in Boston; did very well

29. New England Religion and Government • Religion – PROTESTANT!!! • Government – Massachusetts had the first bicameral legislature

30. RELIGION AND GOVERNMENT WERE CLOSELY LINKED IN NEW ENGLAND! • Gov’t leaders had to be church members • Ministers were viewed as leaders in society • Only male church members could vote • Gov’t leaders outlawed certain religious views • Gov’t punished religious dissenters Puritan officials praying at a government meeting

31. Not everyone agreed with this though. . . • Thomas Hooker and Connecticut • Allowed non-church members to vote • “Father of American Democracy”

32. Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson • Religious dissenters from Massachusetts who left and founded colonies that would develop into Rhode Island

33. Witch Trials • Mostly in Salem, MA

34. New England Economy • Small-scale farming; slavery not that important • Merchants – traded locally with Indians and with England • Fishing – due to large access to water • Shipbuilding • Craftsmen – blacksmiths, weaving, shipbuilding, printing

35. New England Education • New Englanders saw great importance of education • New England colonies had more schools than other colonies • Harvard University established in 1636

36. Ch. 3 Section 3The Middle Colonies

37. New York

38. First settled by the Dutch; called New Netherland (trading post for Dutch and Indians) • Peter Stuyvesant – 1st leader • The English take it over without firing a shot in 1664 • New Netherland becomes New York • New Amsterdam becomes New York City

39. New Jersey • Becomes a colony shortly after the British conquest of New York in 1664 NY NJ

40. Penn-sylvania • Founded by William Penn • Proprietor of New Jersey • Wanted a colony where Quakers could worship freely • Did not hold formal religious meetings • Dressed very plainly • Believed in equality between men and women • Nonviolent and religious tolerance

41. Penn limits his own power; creates an elected assembly to rule PA • Great example of representative government (democratic republic) • Allowed citizens to control the government

42. Delaware (1776) PA DE

43. Economy of the Middle Colonies • Mixture of Southern and New England economies • Farming – staple crops like wheat, barley, oats; also raised livestock • Slaves were used on farms and in cities; however, indentured servants were used more. • Trading of fur and other goods • Women mostly worked in the home • Some ran businesses, like bakeries or drugstores