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Sustainable Cities. G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment 14 th Edition Chapter 25. Key Concepts. Distribution of urban and rural populations. Factors determining urban development. Resource and environmental problems in urban areas.
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Sustainable Cities G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment 14th Edition Chapter 25
Key Concepts • Distribution of urban and rural populations • Factors determining urban development • Resource and environmental problems in urban areas • Effects of transportation systems on urban growth • Planning and controlling urban growth • Making cities more sustainable and desirable
Urbanization and Urban Growth • Urban areas • Rural areas • Villages • Cities • Urban growth: natural increase and immigration • Push and pull factors
Patterns of Urban Growth • Increasing proportion of population • Great increase in large cities (>1,000,000) • Increasing rapidly in developing counties • Urban growth slower in developed countries • Poverty in urban areas increasing
Urbanization in the US • Migration to large central cities • Migration from cities to suburbs • Migration from north and east to south and west • Migration from urban to rural areas • Spatial patterns of development (see Fig. 25-4 p. 566)
Major Urban Regions in the US Fig. 25-4 p. 566
Impacts of Urban Sprawl Fig. 25-6 p. 567
Urban Resource and Environmental Problems • Air and water pollution; waste management • Reduction in vegetation • Importation of food, energy, and materials • Noise pollution • Climate impacts: urban heat islands • Impacts on surrounding rural areas
Urban Areas: Inputs and Outputs Fig. 25-8 p. 569
Urban Poor in Developing Countries Slums Squatter settlements Shantytowns Illegal settlements Poverty and unemployment
Transportation and Urban Development • Individual transit • Mass transit • Buses • Trains • Automobiles(See Pro/Con p. 572-573)
Urban Land-Use Planning and Control • Land-use planning • Property taxes • Zoning • Smart growth • Urban growth boundary • Greenbelts • Cluster development (See Fig. 25-18 p. 579)
Greenbelts Fig. 25-17 p. 579
Cluster Housing Fig. 25-18 p. 579
Solutions: Making Urban Areas More Livable and Sustainable • New cities and towns • Ecocity (green city) • Trees and climate-specific landscaping • People-oriented • High energy efficiency