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Russia and Peter the Great. Historical Relevance. For definition of EMP Main features of EMP present in Russia only since Peter the Great Rule of Peter the Great: 1689-1725 „Europeanization“ of Russia. Background. Dynasty: Romanov, since 1613, until 1917
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Historical Relevance • For definition of EMP • Main features of EMP present in Russia only since Peter the Great • Rule of Peter the Great: 1689-1725 • „Europeanization“ of Russia
Background • Dynasty: Romanov, since 1613, until 1917 • Russia as a factor in European politics: Ivan III. (1462-1505, Moscow „3rd Rome“, „Gathering of Russian Lands“) • Ivan IV. „the Terrible“ (1533-1584) • 1605-1613: Time of Troubles
Peter‘s Government • Revolution from above • Context: confrontation with Ottoman Empire, Azov-Campaign 1695 • „The Grand Embassy to Europe“ 1697/98 • Modernization: expanding book-print, science, exploration of Siberia • 1724: Academy of Sciences • 1721: Patriarchate replaced by Holy Synod (Caesaropapism) • Since 1703: construction of St. Petersburg
Further Developments • Main political goal: access to western coasts • Main confrontation: Nordic War 1700-21 against Sweden • 1721: Peace of Nystadt, Baltic provinces to Russia • 1722/23: Persian Campaign (Baku) • Administrative reforms under foreign influence