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Decolonization

Decolonization. Ch 34. India. Section 1. Congress Party. Who: Hindus & Muslims What: India’s national political party Where: India When: 1940s

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Decolonization

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  1. Decolonization Ch 34

  2. India Section 1

  3. Congress Party • Who: Hindus & Muslims • What: India’s national political party • Where: India • When: 1940s • Why: India had 350mill Hindus & 150 mill Muslims; most of Congress party were Hindu, but some Muslim; advocated for independence against GB & fought for Indian interests

  4. Mohandas Gandhi • Who: leader of the Congress party • What: launched the 1st nonviolent campaign for independence • Where: India • When: 1920s • Why: his ideas inspired Indians of all ethnic, religious backgrounds to achieve independence; he puts the thoughts of independence in Indians’ heads; a Hindu who doesn’t like his peacefulness b.n Hindus & Muslims extremist assassinated him in 1948

  5. 1. What were the major concerns of the Muslim league? • They thought that the mainly Hindu Congress party looked out primarily for Hindu interests, not Muslim interests • Wanted to ensure a safe & secure region for Muslims

  6. Muslim League • Who: Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Indian Muslims • What: an organization founded to help protect Muslim interests; rival group to the Congress party • When: 1906 • Where: India • Why: they felt the Congress party only looked out for the Hindus; they stated they would never accept independence if it meant rule by the Hindu-dominated Congress party

  7. 2. What problems had to be resolved in the months prior to independence? • Division of India- who should be in power? How should we divide the land? Where would ppl go and how would the gov’t be run?

  8. Partition • Who: British officials, Muslims & Hindus • What: the term given to the division of India into 2 separate Hindu and Muslim nations • Where: India & Pakistan • When: 1946 • Why: British officials were convinced that partition was the only way to ensure a safe region; the NW & Eastern regions of India where most Muslims lived = Pakistan

  9. 3. What were the terms of the cease fire? • 1/3 of Kashmir under Pakistan control & the rest under Indian control

  10. 4. How did Nehru contribute to India’s modernization? • He led new independent nations in neutral alliances • He industrialized • Pushed for social reform • Expanded human rights

  11. Jawaharlal Nehru • Who: Prime Minister • What: the independent nation of India’s first Prime Minister • Where: IndiaWhen: 1947-1964 • Why: he was one of Gandhi’s devoted followers; he led other newly independent nations of the world in following an alliance of countries that were neutral in the Cold War; he pushed for industrialization & sponsored social reforms; he tried to elevate the lower castes; his death left the Congress party w. no strong leader= divisions in India

  12. 5. What events led to the creation of Bangladesh? • E. Pakistan was hit by huge tidal wave • W. Pakistan didn’t transfer aid quickly enough • Demonstrations broke out- • Civil war in Pakistan • 2 separate nations

  13. 6. What major problem did Indira Gandhi face? • Disarming the Tamil rebels • Challenges from Sikh extremists that wanted to be an independent state

  14. Indira Gandhi • Who: Nehru’s daughter, Prime minister • What: took control of India after her father died • Where: India • When:1966-1984 • Why: she faced many threats from Sikh extremists & other political factions throughout India; sent Indian troops to overrun Golden Temple= killed 500 sikhs & destroyed sacred property = assassinated by Sikhs in 1984

  15. 7. What was the cause of turmoil in Sri Lanka? • Group of militant Tamils fought for their own country of Tamil

  16. Benizir Bhutto • Who: Bhutto’s daughter; Prime minister • What: took over Pakistan after her father was executed • Where: Pakistan • When: 1970s- 1996 • Why: she was removed from office by a military coup = the military rules Pakistan = continues to struggle w. challenges from Muslim militants & ongoing disputes w. India

  17. Southeast Asia Section 2

  18. Bell Act

  19. a. Why did the Filipinos object to this act?

  20. b. Why did they agree to sign it?

  21. Why did the US demand a long lease on it’s military and naval bases in the Philippines?

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