1 / 24

Psychological Disorders

Psychological Disorders. “To study the abnormal is the best way of understanding the normal” – William James 26% experience a disorder within a given year 6% classified as serious. Eccentric (Deviant) Behavior vs. Disordered Behavior?. Disordered Behavior Criteria. Deviant Distressful

amiel
Download Presentation

Psychological Disorders

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Psychological Disorders • “To study the abnormal is the best way of understanding the normal” – WilliamJames • 26% experience a disorder within a given year • 6% classified as serious

  2. Eccentric (Deviant) Behavior vs. Disordered Behavior?

  3. Disordered Behavior Criteria • Deviant • Distressful • Dysfunctional

  4. Two Perspectives on Psychological Disorders • Medical Model (Pinel, late 1700s) • disorders are diseases that exhibit symptoms and are diagnosed and treated • Biopsychosocial Perspective • emphasizes interaction of genetics, inner dynamics, experiences, & socio-cultural environment

  5. Classification of Disorders • DSM-5 (2013) • Uses medical-like terminology • Categories of disorders

  6. Somatic Symptom and other Disorders • Physical symptoms without a physical cause • Hysteria/Conversion disorder (Freud) • Hypochondriasis

  7. Anxiety Disorders • Free floating anxiety • Panic attack

  8. Panic Disorder • Extreme anxiety that is short-lived

  9. Specific Phobia • Anxiety directed at specific objects or events

  10. Social Phobia • Extreme anxiety about interacting with people and being in social situations

  11. Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders (OCD) • Stories • El Camino

  12. Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders • Acute Stress Disorder • Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder • clip

  13. Anxiety and Related Disorders Causes • Fear conditioning • Observational learning • Evolutionary response to threat • Genetic component • Brain circuitry

  14. Mood Disorders

  15. Depressive Disorders • Major Depressive Disorder • Case Study 1 • Case Study 2 • Dysthymia

  16. Bipolar and Related Disorders • Pronounced mood swings • clip • Bipolar 1 (Manic-Depressive) • Bipolar 2 • clip • Cyclothymia

  17. Mood Disorder Causes • Inherited genetic link (linkage analysis) • Brain structure and circuitry abnormalities • Unbalanced levels of serotonin and/or other neurotransmitters • Self-defeating (negative) beliefs

  18. Dissociative Disorders (3 types) • Dissociate amnesia and fugue • Depersonalization / Derealization • Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) link

  19. Schizophrenia Spectrum and other Psychotic Disorders • Disorganized thinking • Disturbed perceptions • “Word salad” • Inappropriate emotions • Repetitive motions • Chronic vs. acute episodes • Positive vs. negative symptoms • Heather • Gerald • Time Cube

  20. Underlying Factors for Schizophrenia • Brain chemistry abnormality (e.g., excess dopamine; low glutamate) • Brain structure abnormality (frontal lobes, thalamus, amygdala) • Fetal virus infections • Genetic factors • Unusual stress • “Dopamine Dysfunction Disorder”?

  21. Personality Disorders • Avoidant • Obsessive-Compulsive • Borderline • Schizotypal • Antisocial / Psychopathic • BTK Killer

  22. Additional Disorders • Feeding/Eating • Neurodevelopmental • Neurocognitive • Sleep-Wake • Sexual Dysfunction • Gender Dysphoria • Conduct • Substance-related and Addictive

  23. Use of Labels for Disorders • Clinicians - helps in describing and treatment • Critics - can cause preconceptions and bias that are harmful (Thomas Szasz) • Rosehan (1973) study

More Related