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IAQ Models of Representative U.S. Homes R esidential exposure analysis with CONTAM

IAQ Models of Representative U.S. Homes R esidential exposure analysis with CONTAM. Andrew Persily National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD andyp@nist.gov , 301 975-6418 NSF /UL 440 Environments & Products Teleconference May 24, 2012. Topics for Today.

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IAQ Models of Representative U.S. Homes R esidential exposure analysis with CONTAM

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  1. IAQ Models of Representative U.S. HomesResidential exposure analysis with CONTAM Andrew Persily National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD andyp@nist.gov, 301 975-6418 NSF/UL 440 Environments & Products Teleconference May 24, 2012

  2. Topics for Today • IAQ modeling with CONTAM • “Suite of homes” CONTAM models of US dwellings • Issues in modeling exposure

  3. Building Airflow and Contaminant Transport Modeling Macroscopic/Multizone Network airflow analysis Each zone: 1 node, 1 reference pressure, uniform temperature & concentration e.g., CONTAM Microscopic/CFD Details of airflow and contaminant concentrations in a space e.g., FDS, FLUENT, CFD0

  4. CONTAM www.bfrl.nist.gov/IAQanalysis

  5. CONTAM SketchPad

  6. CONTAMW Inputs & Outputs • Building and System Description • Building Zone Configuration • Building Leakage Characteristics • HVAC Airflow Rates • Duct Systems • Filter Efficiencies • Contaminant Information • Chemical Reaction Data • Contaminant Sink Characteristics • Contaminant Source Strength • Occupancy Schedules • Environmental Factors • Wind Speed and Direction • Wind Pressure Coefficient • Indoor/Outdoor Temp • Outdoor Contaminants Filtration Steady State Simulation Scheduled Flows, Sources etc. Transient Simulations up to One Year First Order Chemical Reactions Data Libraries Exposure Levels Infiltration Rates Interzonal Airflows Pressure Drops across Openings Contaminant Concentrations

  7. NIST “Suite of Homes” HUD-funded effort to define a representative collection of houses based on U.S. building surveys (e.g., Census, DOE) • 209 dwellings that represent 80 % of the U.S. housing stock Floor plans and CONTAM models available for download

  8. Variables used to define dwellings

  9. Suite of Homes Persily et al. 2006. A Collection of Homes to Represent the U.S. Housing Stock, NIST report NISTIR 7330. Report, CONTAM files and floor plans: http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/IAQanalysis/case%20studies/cwcase_11.htm

  10. Application “Suite of Homes” First statistically representative distribution of ventilation rates in U.S. homes CONTAM models are being used for IAQ and exposure studies Advantages: Established and documented; public domain; generates distribution instead of single value Indoor CO exposure from emergency generators Persily et al. 2010. Indoor Air. 20: 473-485.

  11. Issues in modeling exposure BASIC QUESTIONS How many dwellings: Which and why? Simulation duration: 24 h? Annual? Occupants: Number? Schedule? Contaminants: How many? INPUTS Weather conditions: How many? Building tightness: Covered in suite models Mechanical ventilation: Any? How much? Impose constant air change rate or calculate from leakage/weather? Source strengths: Source areas Removal mechanisms: Surface sorption? Air cleaning? DATA MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS

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