Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material Supervisors Training Course

1. Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material Supervisors Training Course Version One 2006

2. Course Administration • Emergency procedures • Facilities: • first aid, prayers, refreshments, toilet • Documentation: • course roster, HSE passport • Restrictions: • smoking, telephones and pagers • Introduction: • name, company, position and expectations of the course Version One 2006

3. Course Aims • Aims of the course are to provide knowledge and understanding of: • basic radiation (NORM) theory • where NORM can be found • personal hygiene and health risks • system of work procedures to control NORM risk and use and checking of PPE Version One 2006

4. Course Aims (Continued) • PDO procedures • roles of personnel • supervision of NORM jobs as agreed by CRFP • duties and actions of RPT • use of monitoring equipment by RPT • radiation and contamination level assessments • registering and recording NORM survey results Version One 2006

5. Course Objectives • On completion of the course attendees will be able to: • explain NORM theory • describe where NORM can be found • explain NORM health, environment and reputation risks • describe NORM control measures • describe RPT actions in undertaking a contamination survey • interpret information recorded and reported of NORM in the field • complete supervisors section of NORM survey report form Version One 2006

6. Radiation Sources in PDO Radiation sources Industrial radiography Installed gauges Portable gauging equipment Well logging Radio tracers NORM Version One 2006

7. What is NORM? Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material Version One 2006

8. Radiation • NORM decay and emit: • Alpha particles (α) • Beta particles (β) and • Gamma rays (y) Version One 2006

9. Radiation Alpha Beta Gamma Version One 2006

10. Gamma radiation High energy Can penetrate piping where scales deposit External Risk Enclosed Equipment Version One 2006

11. Alpha / Beta particles: inhaled ingested absorbed into cuts Internal risk Open Equipment Version One 2006

12. NORM radiation Low gamma radiation risk Major risk inhalation and ingestion of scale/debris Alpha / Beta particles can damage internal cells May lead to lung or bone cancer Health Risk Version One 2006

13. Where to Find NORM • Fixed Scales • Sludge • Salts • Assume all fluid bearing systems are NORM contaminated until proven otherwise • If in doubt ask the PDO Production Supervisor Version One 2006

14. Valves Tubulars Scale Version One 2006

15. Sludge mixed with sand and land farmed Sludge stored in pits Sludge Version One 2006

16. Evaporation Pond Version One 2006

17. Separators and Tanks Version One 2006

18. Water Leaks Version One 2006

19. Job Types at Risk • Who is exposed: • production operatives • production maintenance • tank, vessel, separator cleaning • hoist and rig crews • pigging crews • sludge farm operatives Version One 2006

20. NORM Specification • SP 1170 Management of NORM • system of work (PTW) • exposure limits • monitoring • transportation • storage • PPE • Templates / Records Version One 2006

21. Managing NORM Risk PTW Vessel inspection • NORM management flow chart: Before entry monitor NORM Identify Is external radiation and or surface contamination greater than clean area level Normal Working procedure Assess • *Classify area • Continue monitoring • * Implement appropriate • safe working procedures Compile NORM Monitoring data Control & Recovery Is there solid waste Specific activity analysis All solid waste stored in labelled drums/containers Version One 2006

22. Permit to Work: When opening production equipment Request NORM Survey as part of the PtW OR Verify surveys or maps that facility is: NORM free, NORM Suspected NORM Contaminated Check with Production Operator Permit to Work Version One 2006

23. Fahud NORM Map SHIBKAN FAHUD WEST NAHAD .B.S NATIH B C D NORM Contamination: NORM Suspected: NORM Free: NORM Contamination: > 5CPS abg ( > 10 cps) NORM Suspected: Minor NORM ( < 10 cps) NORM Free: Background levels (2 - 3 cps) E A Version One 2006

24. NORM Survey Version One 2006 NORM Survey

25. NORM Guidelines • Procedures for specific NORM tasks: • “How to do” documents • tank and separator cleaning • pigging • transportation • sampling • well workovers / servicing • Others available Version One 2006

26. Controlling NORM • Plan the job • Conduct tool box talk • Create a supervised area • Follow procedures / guidelines • Provide appropriate PPE • Prevent airborne dust • Provide polyethylene lining and containers • Contain debris in one area • Encapsulate equipment at open ends Version One 2006

27. NORM PPE • Appropriate PPE: • P3 disposable respirator • disposable coveralls • impermeable rubber gloves • safety glasses • steelcap boots • Note: PPE should washed or wiped clean and disposed as normal • Do not send to Bahja Version One 2006

28. Personal Hygiene • If working with NORM equipment: • do not eat or drink in cordoned area • do not apply barrier cream or lip balm • Dress cuts and abrasions • Wash hands and face before eating, drinking or smoking Version One 2006

29. NORM Monitoring Conducted by trained personnel • Before commencement of work • Using NORM Record Form • Attach NORM Record to PtW Version One 2006

30. NORM Meters PDO Assets must have: • Mini 900 with 44A probe • Mini 900 with EP15 Probe 3. Graetz X5 Cex Dose Meter Specific Operations e.g. hoists Version One 2006

31. Mini 900 with 44A probe • Basic contamination Meter • Reads in counts per second (cps) • Tests + / - for NORM • Sensitive for gamma radiation • Used to measure external contamination before opening • Used to measure internally once opened • Not intrinsically safe Version One 2006

32. Mini 900 with EP15 probe • Contamination Meter • reads in counts per second (cps) • Detects Alpha (α) and Beta (β) • Used to measure external contamination • e.g. esp’s, tubulars and LNG equipment • Fragile, not intrinsically safe Version One 2006

33. Graetz Dose Meter • Reads in microsieverts/hr (µSv/hr) • Used if Mini 900/44A > 100 cps • E.g. tank & separator cleaning • If dose > 2.5 uSv/hr = Supervised Area • If dose > 7.5 uSv/hr = Controlled Area • Intrinsically safe Version One 2006

34. Contamination Monitoring • Mini 900 with 44A prove • background radiation 3 - 4 counts per second (cps) • readings > 5 cps above background = NORM • implement NORM Procedures (Guidelines) Version One 2006

35. Contamination Monitoring • Tells us if NORM is there (Yes or No) Version One 2006

36. Dose • Dose - signifies the harmfulness of the radiation • Higher dose = greater health risk Version One 2006

37. Yellow/black stickers Tubulars, pumps, pipes NORM Placards Wells Manifolds Areas Labelling & Placarding Version One 2006

38. Wrap in heavy duty plastic (0.2 mm) Use NORM Tape Drum sludge or pigging debris Storage Version One 2006

39. Plastic wrap exterior contaminated tubulars End cap all tubulars Storage Version One 2006

40. Completing NORM Work • On work completion: • complete record form • send sample for laboratory analysis • decontaminate everyone leaving site • check site for contamination • take down barriers Version One 2006

41. Recording NORM Data • SP 1170 - Appendix A • job details • monitoring details (cps) or (µSv/hr) • supervised & controlled areas exposure log (µSv/hr) • Signatures • If daily dose exposure > 8 µSv per day keep permanent record • perform risk assessment on Job type Version One 2006

42. Transport of NORM Originator completes: Appendix B of SP 1170 Despatch Section of Appendix C Gives Appendix B to Transport Contractor Transport Contractor completes: Appendix C of SP 1170 Gives Forms to Bahja NORM Yard Operator Version One 2006

43. Transporting NORM • Recording NORM: • measure radiation emitted & record findings • identify & label contaminated equipment • create & maintain records • advise asset of results & contaminated equipment • inventory contaminated equipment • transport to PDO Bahja NORM Yard Version One 2006

44. NORM Movements • Recording movement: • transported as class 7 dangerous good • label equipment & placard truck • measure drivers exposure dose • check vehicle prior to leaving • transport to the Bahja NORM Yard • provide yard operator with records (Appendix B & C) Version One 2006

45. NORM Training • NORM training: • awareness training for all personnel exposed to NORM in the workplace • supervisor training for all personnel responsible for issue of permits to work or supervise workers exposed to NORM Version One 2006

46. NORM • Summary: • assume all fluid bearing systems contaminated until proven clean • refer to PDO Production Supervisor to identify NORM areas • follow SP 1170 and SP 1009 • implement NORM guidelines • test ALL systems at first breach and regularly as new surfaces encountered • record all results including zero readings • wear appropriate PPE • transport contaminated material to storage facility Version One 2006

47. Mini 900 with 44A probe • Internally • Turbulent areas • 5 cps abg = NORM • Externally • Around bends • 5 cps abg = NORM Version One 2006