The I ndustrial Revolution

1. The Industrial Revolution Angel Bravo and Josh Butler World History Period 5

2. Industrial Revolution Spreads New Industrial Powers Emerge • Nations race to industrialize -Germany and the united states were some of the first countries to catch up to Britain, because they had more abundant supplies. • Uneven Development -Other nations industrialized more slowly, particularly those in eastern and southern Europe, because they had died of resources.

3. Industrial Revolution Spreads • Effects of Industrialization -People wanted more goods, and that’s how more jobs were created for the people. At the same time the working conditions for factories were getting safer Technology Sparks Industrial Growth • Steel Production and the Bessemer Growth -William Henry and Henry Bessemer independently developed a new process for making steel from iron

4. Industrial Revolution Spreads • Innovations in Chemistry -Alfred Nobel invented dynamite, an explosive much safer than others that people used at the time. • Electric Power Replaces Steam -Michael Faraday created the first simple electric motor and the first dynamo, which was a machine that generated electricity - Then Thomas Edison, and American inventor, came up with the worlds first light bulb.

5. Industrial Revolution Spreads • New Methods of Production -Manufacturers designed interchangeable parts, which were identical components that could be used in place of one another. -Manufacturers also designed an assembly line, which was when workers add parts to a product that moves along a belt from one work station to the next.

6. Industrial Revolution Spreads Transportation and Communication Advances • The Auto mobile age Begins -Nikolaus Otto, invented a gasoline powered engine; this invention really revolutionized transportation. • Airplanes Take Flight -Orville and Wilbur Wright designed and flew a flimsy airplane at Kitty Hawk • Rapid Communication -Guglielmo Marconi had invented the radio. In 1901. Marconi received a radio message, using Morse Code, sent from Britain to Canada.

7. Industrial Revolution Spreads Business Takes a New Direction • Rise of Big Business -To get the needed capital owners sold stock, or chares in their companies, to investors -all of these businesses formed giant corporations. • Move toward Monopolies -Powerful business leaders created monopolies and trusts; they also created huge corporate structures that controlled entire industries. -Sometimes a group of corporations would join together called a cartel

8. The Rise of the Cities Medicine Contributes to the Population Explosion • The Fight Against Disease -Scientist speculated that that certain microbes might cause specific infectious diseases, that is how the germ theory was invented. -Then Louis Pasteur proved the link between microbes and diseases. -Ten years later Robert Koch identifies the bacteria that causes tuberculosis.

9. The Rise of the Cities • Hospital Care Improves -Florence Nightingale said that “The very first very first requirement in a hospital, it that it should do the sick no harm.” -Then Joseph Lister Discovered how antiseptics prevented infection. City Life Changes • City Landscapes Change -The most extensive urban renewal took place in Paris in the 1850’s; which is the rebuilding of poor areas in a city.

10. The Rise of the Cities • Sidewalks, Sewers, and Skyscrapers -Sewers, electricity, gas, and the police, mad the cities a much healthier and safer place. • Slum Conditions -Even though the city conditions, a great quantity of people still went back home every day to their tenements, in overcrowded neighborhoods. • The Lure of the City -Music halls, operas, and theaters attracted many people to the city.

11. The Rise of the Cities The Working Class Advances • Labor unions begin to grow -Mutual-aid societies were self-help groups that aided sick or injured workers. • Standards of Living Rise -The Standards of Living, were measures of the quality and availability of necessities and comforts in a society.