Microbial Biotechnology Commercial Production of Microorganism

1. LECTURE 11: Microbial BiotechnologyCommercial Production of Microorganism Biotechnology; 3 Credit hours Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB) National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST)

2. Commercial Production of Microorganism Biochemist define fermentation as anaerobic process; • That generate energy by the breakdown of the organic compound • The end product can be microbial metabolite; • Lactic acid • Enzyme • Alcohol, ethanol, butanoland acetone

3. Commercial Production of Microorganism • Industrial users of fermentation have broadened the definition to include; • Any process that produce bacteria or fungi as the end product • Biotransformation; transformation by cells of a compound added to the fermentation medium of a commercially valuable compound • In large scale fermentation metabolites, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids are provided to enable the propagation of microbial cell or biomass

4. Bioreactor (Fermenter) • Aerobic or anaerobic bacteria are cultured under controlled conditions in large chamber called fermenter or bioreactor

6. Steps of Fermentation • Sterilization of fermenter and associated equipment • Preparation and sterilization of the culture medium • Preparation of the pure culture for inoculation of the medium culture in the fermenter vessel • Cell growth and synthesis of the desired product under a specific set of conditions

7. Steps of Fermentation • Product extraction and purification or cell collection • Disposal of expended medium and cell, and cleaning of the bioreactor and equipment

8. Industrial Fermenter • Fermentation technology is linked with the improved productive performance of microorganism by optimizing their growth conditions • Most of the organism used in fermentation are aerobic; because aerobic metabolism is more efficient than anaerobic metabolism • Beside requiring oxygen for rapid growth they need a consistent pH in growth medium, temperature conditions, a supply of nutrients and an antifoaming agent

9. Fermenter types • Stirred Tank Reactor • It relies on an agitator to circulate oxygen • Airlift Fermenter • It supplies oxygen to the culture through an intake valve in the bottom of the culture vessel

10. Continuous Fermenter • In continuous fermentation, nutrients are fed into the fermenter while an equal volume of the products, cells and medium is collected

11. Continuous Fermenter • It allow continuous culture growth to be maintained for long time • This method is more suitable for obtaining compound that are produced proportionally to cell growth, such as primary metabolite i.e. vitamin, enzyme etc. • It also suitable for waste water treatment or degrading organic compound

12. Batch Culturing or Fermentation • Cells, products and medium are collected after the fermentation process has been terminated • This method is preferred when synthesis of the products does not depend on the amount of cell biomass

13. Solid Substrate Fermentation • Microorganism are grown on solid substrate that are not submerged in liquid media • Oxygen is more readily available to the cell as they are direct in contact with it • Product recovery is much easy in this procedure corn-soybean meal based diets By Solid substrate fermenter for animals

15. Single Cell Protein • A monoculture of algal, bacterial or fungal cell has a protein content that is 70-80% of its dry weight • When such culture are grown in large volume for use as human or live stock feed supplements, it is called single cell protein • SCP is rich in nutrients as minerals, vitamins, carbohydrates, lipids as well essential amino acids like lysine and methionine which are absent in plant protein

17. Single Cell Protein • SCP is produced by using inexpensive substrate to supply nitrogen and carbon • For example carbohydrate containing raw materials, waste from cheese production and pulp mils • SCP may contain toxic compound • Nucleic acid, hepatoxins, heavy metals absorbed from the substrate • Effective research is needed to remove these toxic compound from SCP