Geography

1. Geography

2. About the Course • This semester-long course provides instruction and measurement of student learning in high school-level geography. The Delaware high school Geography benchmarks may be found online at www.doe.k12.de.us/ss and are also referenced below in the syllabus. The context for this course is contemporary and practical, drawing from problems encountered and solutions reached in local communities. • The course is divided into four main sections, each based on one of the overarching Geography Standards. Each week of the course is divided into lessons. Several lessons are based on The Delaware Geography Health Initiative, a set of instructional tools aligned to Delaware Geography Standards in grades 9-12. In this course, students apply the knowledge, skills and perspectives of geography. They research problems, analyze data, and suggest solutions using a GIS-based approach.

3. GIS and Remote Sensing Houston, TX; Landsat-7 Delaware Geographic Alliance University of Delaware

4. What is a GIS? GIS stands for Geographic Information System A tool people can use to map and analyze geographic data Organizes data by where it occurs

5. Why is Geography Important? Our activities and decisions involve location in some way Examples: Where to buy bread on the way home from work Where to build new roads or hospitals

6. What is Remote Sensing? Geographers use pictures taken from satellites and sensors to help solve everyday problems. Examples include aerial imagery, infrared (IR) and microwave sensors, and sonar, but there are many more! This is known as remote sensing

7. How can we use remote sensing? Some of the ways (but not all!) we can use remote sensing: Weather Land use Populations of organisms in the ocean Monitoring sea ice

8. What agencies might use remote sensing? Weather forecasters Foresters Agriculture Ocean researchers Biologists Polar researchers Provided by the SeaWiFS Project, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, and ORBIMAGE

9. An example One way that remote sensing can be used is in tracking land use changes through time.

10. This is an aerial picture of the Christiana Mall as it looks today. But it didn’t always look that way!

11. This is the mall in 2007. Can you spot any changes between 2007 and 2011?

13. 1997 Here is a picture of the mall from 1997. The changes between 2007 and 2011 may be hard to spot, but changes are easily seen when comparing 1997.

14. LANDSAT ETM+ IR composite image of Delaware Inland Bays Remote sensing can also be used to detect vegetation and land types and even natural disasters. When using an infrared (IR) sensor, vegetation appears bright red and is easy to spot. IR sensors also allow tornado tracks to be easily seen. Photo from NASA Science News; ASTER sensor

15. Remote sensing and GIS together We can combine remote sensing and GIS together for analysis Example: Looking at bicycle and pedestrian safety in Newark

16. Think About It Where do you think the camera was positioned to take aerial shots of Christiana Mall in 2007? In 1997? What is the best source for aerial photos and remote sensing images of our local area? Where can we access aerial images of other areas of the US and the world?

17. Geography Pre-Test No Talking Write on your own paper

18. June Bugs • Lesson Essential Question – • What geographic patterns emerge when you map data? • What can analyzing the data tell about the map? • Vocabulary Accessibility Geographically

19. June Bugs • Geography High School Standard Benchmark Addressed • Standard One: MAPS. 9-12a. Students will identify geographic patterns which emerge when data is mapped, and analyze mapped patterns….. • Learning objectives • Learn how to organize data into categories and then use those data to produce a thematic map. • Ways to analyze a thematic map.

20. June Bugs • Lesson Scenario and Problem • The purpose of this lesson is for students to understand how tabular data can be expressed in map form. This understanding is not intuitive and for students to use the unit lessons in this curriculum project, they must see how data lie behind maps and how cartographic manipulation allows a wide variety of different graphic images, or geographic patterns, from the same data source. • Scenario: A group of students are spending their vacation at Dewey Beach, Delaware. Two of them become ill and need to find a doctor. They look in the phone book (Yellow Pages) and find a large number of doctors but none in Dewey Beach. They have to decide what type of doctor they need and where they should go.

21. June Bugs • Read – Looking for Summer Fun

22. June Bugs Step 1 • First, check the Yellow Pages and see if you can find the names of any doctors in Dewey Beach. If you cannot, then make a chart like the one below, listing the ten doctors you think will be most likely to help your fellow students, and give the reason why they were the doctors you chose.

23. June Bugs Step 1

24. June Bugs Step 2 • Now read "June Bugs: Looking for the Way" • Consider the following question: • Which doctor would be your best choice? If that doctor wasn't available, which one would be your next best choice? Explain. • Put the full list of doctors in priority order and write in your research notebook what information you used to decide on the order

25. June Bugs 2 Top List of Doctors

26. June Bugs Step 3 • Now examine a map of the Sussex County road system. • On a copy of the map, locate the office of each doctor on your list and place a solid dot on the appropriate point on the map

28. June Bugs Step 3 • Now you are able to examine the problem of choosing a doctor geographically. This means you must look at the spatial (geographical) distribution of the dots and the relative location of Dewey Beach to the doctors. • DART MAP/TAXI LIST

29. June Bugs 3 • What other factors besides straight line-distance should you consider? • What other information might you need?

30. June Bugs 3 • Based on your analysis, compile a final list of doctors that you should contact in priority order, and write the reasons for the order of your list in your research notebook.

31. June Bugs Step 4 • Review: • Read the information on mapping data "FYI Mapping Data" • Make a list of data that CANNOT be mapped (i.e. data that is non-geographical). • Now provide some examples of data that are more meaningful (useful) when converted from non-geographical to a geographical, or mapped, format. • What specific information is needed to turn each example into a map?

32. Exit Ticket • Think of some non-geographical data that could be mapped relating to Christiana High School. • Create a plan in which you could collect that data and map it out.

33. Can We Get to a Doctor? • Lesson Essential Question – • What geographic patterns emerge when you map data? • What can analyzing the data tell about the map? • Vocabulary • Accessibility • Geographically

34. Can We Get to a Doctor? • Geography High School Standard Benchmark Addressed • Standard One: MAPS. 9-12a. Students will identify geographic patterns which emerge when data is mapped, and analyze mapped patterns….. • Learning objectives • Learn how to organize data into categories and then use those data to produce a thematic map. • Learn ways to analyze a thematic map using a GIS.

35. Can We Get to a Doctor? • Lesson Scenario and Problem • After completing Lesson I students should have a better idea of some of the difficulties involved in getting to a doctor, especially if private auto transport is unavailable. Alex and Chris were surprised and wondered whether reaching a doctor varied across the whole of Sussex County. They decided to explore this question geographically, using a Geographic Information System (GIS) approach. Students take the role of Alex and Chris again and follow in their footsteps. • This lesson introduces students to Geographic Information Systems analysis. It is not designed to teach students how to conduct GIS programming. Rather, the nature of a GIS is first introduced followed by a demonstration of how it can be used to analyze geographic patterns. This knowledge is a necessary part of all the unit lessons that follow.

36. Can We Get to a Doctor? Step 1 • Cornell Notes – GIS Intro

37. Can We Get to a Doctor? Step 2 Take out the map of Sussex County you made of the location of the ten doctors in Lesson I. Then look at a larger list of doctors compiled from the Yellow Pages. This time the list contains just the doctors who practice family medicine or who are internists (doctors who deal with all aspects of the body). They are the doctors people are most likely to visit on a regular basis. Using this list, add dots for each doctor’s location to your map.

38. YELLOW PAGES FAMILY, GENERAL PRACTICE, AND INTERNIST PHYSICIANS WITHIN 40 MILES OF DEWEY BEACH, DELAWARE Beachview Family Health And Laser Center 550 Atlantic Ave, Millville, DE 19967 75th St Medical Center 7408 Coastal Hwy, Ocean City, MD 21842 Girgis Family Practice S 550 Dupont Hwy, Milford, DE 19963 Borodulia Nicholas N MD 1209 Coastal Highway, Ocean View, DE 19970 Martin Lisa A DO Millsboro, DE 19966 Pa-C Sue Isaacs Millsboro, DE 19966 Peninsula Regional Medical Center - Primary Care Dagsboro, DE 19939 Squires Nancy MD Routes 113 & 26, Dagsboro, DE 19939 Dagsboro Family Practice 29475 Vines Creek Road, Dagsboro, DE 19939 Prentiss W. Adkins Sr., DO 29475 Vines Creek Road, Dagsboro, DE 19939 Haldar Maria Valenzuela MD 524 Union Street, Milton, DE 19968 Holmon Julie MD 424 Mulberry Street, Milton, DE 19968 Milton Health Center Committed to Healthy Community 524 Union Street, Milton, DE 19968 Wagner Charles G MD 424 Mulberry Street, Milton, DE 19968 Wagner Patricia RN 424 Mulberry Street, Milton, DE 19968 (302) 684-2000

39. YELLOW PAGES FAMILY, GENERAL PRACTICE, AND INTERNIST PHYSICIANS WITHIN 40 MILES OF DEWEY BEACH, DELAWARE • Nanticoke's Family Practice Center 351 North Dual Highway, Laurel, DE 19956 • Stout Joyce MD 351 North Dual Highway, Laurel, DE 19956 • Glover Dennis MD 30668 Sussex Highway, Laurel, DE 19956 • Jerome Alex MD 30668 Sussex Highway, Laurel, DE 19956 • Peninsula Regional Medical Center - Primary Care Network Administration, Family Medicine, Laurel 30668 Sussex Highway, Laurel, DE 19956 • Aguillon H Paul MD 401 Concord Road, Seaford, DE 19973 • Lobo Vincent DO 203-205 Shaw Avenue, Harrington, DE 19952 • Parasher Vinod K PA 1451 Kings Highway, Lewes, DE 19958 • Haldar Maria Valenzuela MD 524 Union Street, Milton, DE 19968 • Davis Eilleen DO 25 Bridgeville Road, Georgetown, DE 19947 • Halko Nadine MD RR 14, Bridgeville, DE 19933 • Kundu Moushimi MD RR 14, Bridgeville, DE 19933 • Lynn Romano MD RR 14, Bridgeville, DE 19933 • Smith Kenneth MD RR 14, Bridgeville, DE 19933 • Cargo Jon D MD 30613 Sussex Highway, Laurel, DE 19956

41. YELLOW PAGES Beachview Family Health And Laser Center550 Atlantic Ave, Millville, DE 19967 75th St Medical Center7408 Coastal Hwy, Ocean City, MD 21842 Girgis Family PracticeS 550 Dupont Hwy, Milford, DE 19963 Borodulia Nicholas N MD1209 Coastal Highway, Ocean View, DE 19970 Martin Lisa A DOMillsboro, DE 19966 Pa-C Sue IsaacsMillsboro, DE 19966 Peninsula Regional Medical Center - Primary Care Dagsboro, DE 19939 Squires Nancy MDRoutes 113 & 26, Dagsboro, DE 19939 Dagsboro Family Practice29475 Vines Creek Road, Dagsboro, DE 19939 Prentiss W. Adkins Sr., DO29475 Vines Creek Road, Dagsboro, DE 19939 Haldar Maria Valenzuela MD524 Union Street, Milton, DE 19968 Holmon Julie MD424 Mulberry Street, Milton, DE 19968 Milton Health CenterCommitted to Healthy Community 524 Union Street, Milton, DE 19968 Wagner Charles G MD424 Mulberry Street, Milton, DE 19968 Wagner Patricia RN424 Mulberry Street, Milton, DE 19968 (302) 684-2000 Berlin Family Medicine10445 Old Ocean City Boulevard, Berlin, MD 21811 Peninsula Regional Primary CareBerlin, MD 21811 Wilson Family Practice901 Lakeview Avenue, Milford, DE 19963 Girgis Family PracticeS 550 Dupont Hwy, Milford, DE 19963 Mian Jamshid MD10514 Racetrack Road, Berlin, MD 21811 Ocean Pines Family Medicine10514 Racetrack Road Suite C, Berlin, MD 21811 Peninsula Regional Medical Center - Primary Care Network Administration, Family Medicine10514 Racetrack Road Suite C, Berlin, MD 21811 Nanticoke's Family Practice Center351 North Dual Highway, Laurel, DE 19956 Stout Joyce MD351 North Dual Highway, Laurel, DE 19956 Glover Dennis MD30668 Sussex Highway, Laurel, DE 19956 Jerome Alex MD30668 Sussex Highway, Laurel, DE 19956 Peninsula Regional Medical Center - Primary Care Network Administration, Family Medicine, Laurel30668 Sussex Highway, Laurel, DE 19956 Aguillon H Paul MD401 Concord Road, Seaford, DE 19973 Lobo Vincent DO203-205 Shaw Avenue, Harrington, DE 19952 Parasher Vinod K PA1451 Kings Highway, Lewes, DE 19958 Haldar Maria Valenzuela MD524 Union Street, Milton, DE 19968 Davis Eilleen DO25 Bridgeville Road, Georgetown, DE 19947 Halko Nadine MDRR 14, Bridgeville, DE 19933 Kundu Moushimi MDRR 14, Bridgeville, DE 19933 Lynn Romano MDRR 14, Bridgeville, DE 19933 Smith Kenneth MDRR 14, Bridgeville, DE 19933 Cargo Jon D MD30613 Sussex Highway, Laurel, DE 19956 Cargo Jon D MD30613 Sussex Highway, Laurel, DE 19956 Halko Nadine MD30613 Sussex Highway, Laurel, DE 19956 Cargo Jon D MD30613 Sussex Highway, Laurel, DE 19956 Kundu Moushimi MD30613 Sussex Highway, Laurel, DE 19956 Lynn Romano MD30613 Sussex Highway, Laurel, DE 19956 Smith Kenneth MDBy Appointment 30613 Sussex Highway, Laurel, DE 19956

42. Can We Get to a Doctor? Step 2 • Examine the pattern of dots. • What can you conclude about the distribution of doctors in Sussex County? • What additional information is needed to see whether everyone in Sussex County has equal access to a doctor? • Write a list in your research notebook of what other types of map layers you would like to see.

43. Can We Get to a Doctor Step 3 • One item on your list should be that you would like to know where people live in Sussex County. With that information, you can see whether more doctors are found where people live. • You will find a blank outline map of Sussex County zip code areas and a list of the number of people in each zip code at the time of the 2000 Census. Notice that the data have been arranged from the largest to the smallest population. Divide the data into five groups and give each group a different color. Then color the corresponding zip code area.

45. Sussex County Pop Chart

47. Can We Get to a Doctor Step 3 • Now you have two map layers, one of doctors and one of population. Compare the two layers and you are doing GIS analysis. • Are doctors fairly distributed among the population so that everyone has equal access to medical care? • Are there some areas that are better served than others? Some areas that are not as well served? • Write your answers to these questions in your research notebook.

48. Can We Get to a Doctor Step 4 • One of the advantages of using a GIS is the ability to measure the information being mapped because it is stored digitally. Let’s see how this might help our analysis. We have prepared another version of the maps you just made. This time, we have used our GIS to lay the distribution of doctors over the zip code areas of population, and we have classified the population into ten instead of just five categories. • Review the responses you wrote in your notebook to the questions posed in step three above. Do you wish to change or enlarge on any observations you made?

50. Can We Get to a Doctor Step 4 • Now let’s explore another aspect of our analysis. • Who are the people in Sussex county who have to travel the farthest to reach a doctor? • We can use the measuring ability of our GIS to produce a map that shows how far each zip code area is away from a doctor • Write your answer to this question in your research notebook.