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1. Shop Microscopes Online There are two basic types of optical microscopes: compound (high power) and stereo (low power). If you need very high magnification to view the internal structures of cells, you would most likely use a compound microscope. If you need to examine solder joints on circuit boards or other relatively large objects, you would probably use a stereo microscope.

2. Compound Microscopes Compound Microscopes Compound microscopes are what most people visualize when they think about microscopes. They are available in monocular, binocular and trinocular formats. They have a number of objectives (the lens closest to the object being viewed) of varying magnifications mounted in a rotating nosepiece. Typically the range of magnification on a compound microscope is between 40X and 1600X, although some are capable of higher or lower magnifications. Because only one objective is used at a time, the viewer sees a two-dimensional image of the specimen. The image is usually reversed and upside-down. For basic student microscope use refer to the Elementary, High School and Monocular sections, for medical student, laboratory and medical use refer to the University, Binocular and Trinocular sections, for Inverted Microscopes, Metallurgical Microscopes, Polarizing Microscopes, Portable Field Microscopes, Fluorescent Microscopes and Gemological Microscopes refer to the Specialty section.

3. Stereo Microscopes Stereo Microscopes Unlike a compound microscope that offers a 2- dimensional image, stereo microscopes give the viewer an erect (upright stereoscopic (3-dimensional) particularly useful for biologists performing dissections, technicians repairing circuit boards, paleontologists cleaning and examining fossils, or anyone who needs to work with their hands on small objects. Most stereo microscopes are used at magnifications from 5X to 90X, but with the proper microscope and accessories, magnifications up to approaching 180X can be achieved. and image. unreversed) This is For educational and simple hobby use refer to the Binocular Stereo Microscopes. To customize and build a stereo microscopy system for industrial or advanced applications refer to the Trinocular, Boom and Inspection Microscopes. These types of system will allow one to customize stands and illumination systems for any type of application. For Research Grade Stereo Microscopes we feature the zoom and boom Series. These systems are designed for critical viewing for research, medical, forensic and other high end stereo uses.

4. Microphotography Microphotography For many applications the ability to capture, display, and preserve specimen images is of equal or greater importance than actually viewing the specimen through the eyepieces. Photomicrography (35mm and other chemical formats) has been a common option on microscopes for decades, but the recent development of relatively inexpensive CCD (charged couple device) video and digital cameras has greatly increased both the popularity and flexibility of microscope imaging. Instead of clicking through slides during a lecture, university professors can now display real-time video images on projection televisions; petroleum geologists can e-mail images of core samples to their laboratories from remote locations around the world; oncologists can refer to CD or on-line catalogues of cell images to help them make faster and more accurate diagnoses. For video and digital imaging, refer to “CCD, USB, Camera”, LP Digital Scope and HP Digital Scope sections. There are many different methods for capturing, displaying, and recording microscope images, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages. It would be impossible to cover all of these options here but one basic piece of information will be important in selecting your microscope: While it is possible to mount a camera on a monocular or binocular microscope (note: a binocular microscope has two eyepieces, but is not necessarily a stereo microscope), it is far better to use a trinocular microscope designed for camera work.

5. Adjusting Focusing Tension Adjusting Focusing Tension Basic (B100, M500 Style) Compound Microscope: Use the tool below, which comes with most microscopes, to adjust the focusing tension according to the picture to the right. Stereo Zoom (SM & ZM) Microscopes: On most SM and ZM microscopes, the tension system is located on the focusing rack rather than the head. The focusing rack's dual knobs need to be rotated in opposite directions to increase or decrease the tension in the system.

6. Changing the Eyepiece (M Series Microscope) Changing the Eyepiece (M Series Microscope) There is a small screw on the side of the eye tube. Use a tiny screw driver (typically 1mm precision screwdriver size) to remove the screw so that you can take the eyepiece out and insert a new ones. If you need to turn the microscope upside down for any reason, make sure to tighten this screw, or remove the eyepiece first to prevent accidental damage.

7. History of Microscopes History of Microscopes During that historic period known as the Renaissance, after the "dark" Middle Ages, there occurred the inventions of printing, gunpowder and the mariner's compass, followed by the discovery of America. Equally remarkable was the invention of the light microscope: an instrument that enables the human eye, by means of a lens or combinations of lenses, to observe enlarged images of tiny objects. It made visible the fascinating details of worlds within worlds. Beyond the Light Microscope Beyond the Light Microscope A light microscope, even one with perfect lenses and perfect illumination, simply cannot be used to distinguish objects that are smaller than half the wavelength of light. White light has an average wavelength of 0.55 micrometers, half of which is 0.275 micrometers. (One micrometer is a thousandth of a millimeter, and there are about 25,000 micrometers to an inch. Micrometers are also called microns.) Any two lines that are closer together than 0.275 micrometers will be seen as a single line, and any object with a diameter smaller than 0.275 micrometers will be invisible or, at best, show up as a blur. To see tiny particles under a microscope, scientists must bypass light altogether and use a different sort of "illumination," one with a shorter wavelength.

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