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Gravitational physics, planetary science and exploration with laser retroreflectors

Gravitational physics, planetary science and exploration with laser retroreflectors. Manuele Martini Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (LNF) dell ’ INFN, Frascati (Rome), Italy For the SCF_Lab Team http:// www.lnf.infn.it/esperimenti/etrusco. Apollo 15. Re-discovered Lunokhod 1

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Gravitational physics, planetary science and exploration with laser retroreflectors

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  1. Gravitational physics, planetary science and exploration with laser retroreflectors Manuele Martini LaboratoriNazionali di Frascati (LNF) dell’INFN, Frascati (Rome), Italy For the SCF_Lab Team http://www.lnf.infn.it/esperimenti/etrusco

  2. Apollo 15 Re-discovered Lunokhod 1 (Luna 17 lander) Apollo 11 Apollo 14 CCRs Array on Moon Manuele Martini

  3. 1st gen. Lunar Laser Ranging 2nd gen. Lunar Laser Ranging t t2 1 unresolved widened pulse back to Earth due to multi-CCR and lunar librations 3 separated pulses back to Earth t1 t3 MoonLIGHT Apollo t t3 t2 t1 time time Short Pulse to Moon Wide Pulse to Earth Pulse to Moon Pulses to Earth 3

  4. LLRRA21/MoonLIGHT Manuele Martini

  5. LLRRA21/MoonLIGHT SUN/DUST SHADE INNER CONFORMAL THERMAL SHIELD (Au-Ag coated) SUN/DUST SHADE • Mass ~ 1.7 kg • Size ~ 150mm (r) x 300mm (h) • Sophisticated thermal design (sun heat shade, • 2 internal heat shields), tight optical specs Manuele Martini

  6. LLR tests of General Relativity * J. G. Williams, S. G. Turyshev,and D. H. Boggs, PRL 93, 261101 (2004) • LNF measurement of the Geodetic Precession with Apollo/Lunokhod, including new APOLLO station, with Planetary Ephemeris Program (PEP) by CfA: <1% accuracy • N. laser returns to make a “standard” ~2-cm LLR range: • MoonLIGHT single, large reflector: ~1 • Apollo/Lunokhod multi-reflector array: thousands Manuele Martini

  7. Laser ranging Cartoon not to scale NIR Planet/asteroid/icy-rocky moon rover at EoL Laser altimeter VIS 1064 nm ‘Petit Poucet’ rover: arm, CCR, camera … camera Crater or canyon or iced sea? rock or iceberg Planet/asteroid/icy-rocky moon INRRI INstrument for landing-Roving laser ranging/altimetry RetroreflectorInvestigations Passive 25 gr, 60 mm×20 mm, no pointing Manuele Martini

  8. Future prospects • Characterization in space conditions of MoonLIGHTand INRRI. • Improve the precision of Lunar Laser Ranging for better tests of General Relativity. • Before the end of the decade, robotic mission on the lunar surface will deploy new scientific payloads, which include MoonLIGHT-type laser retroreflectors and INRRI payloads. Manuele Martini

  9. THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION Manuele.Martini@lnf.infn.it Manuele Martini

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