1 / 17

Instrumental Conditioning II

Instrumental Conditioning II. What is learned?. Reinforcement “stamps in” this connection. Thorndike:. S. R. What is learned?. Edwin Guthrie: Contiguity theory, reinforcement doesn’t do much of anything (directly). S. R. O. What is learned?. S. R. ?. 2-Process Theory. operant. O.

amy-weeks
Download Presentation

Instrumental Conditioning II

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Instrumental Conditioning II

  2. What is learned? Reinforcement “stamps in” this connection Thorndike: S R

  3. What is learned? Edwin Guthrie: Contiguity theory, reinforcement doesn’t do much of anything (directly) S R

  4. O What is learned? S R ?

  5. 2-Process Theory operant O S R Pavlovian

  6. 2-Process Theory operant S R Pavlovian CR

  7. Evidence for 2-process theory Pavlovian-Instrumental Transfer Phase 1 Phase 2 Test LeverO LightO Light: Lever? No CS: Lever? # Presses Light No CS

  8. ? O ? What is learned? S R

  9. Left # Presses Right Light Noise SO Trapold Phase 1 Phase 2 Test R LeverPellet TonePellet Tone:Left? Right? L LeverSucrose LightSucrose Light:Left? Right?

  10. RO Colwill & Rescorla (1986) Phase 1 Devaluation Test Push LeftPellet Pellet+LiCl Right? Push RightSucrose Sucrose+LiCl Left?

  11. What is a reinforcer? Thorndike: A stimulus that produces a “satisfying state of affairs” Operational Definition (behaviorists): That which increases the probability of the response that preceded it.

  12. Can we be more precise? The Drive-Reduction hypothesis Servomechanism: device that maintains a controlled variable within a set range

  13. Drive Reduction Theory Set Point Seek water/ don’t seek water Amt of H2O in body drives

  14. Drive Reduction Considered: Are reinforcers necessary for survival? • Sensory stimulation is a reinforcer • Monkeys work for visual access • Eating to excess • Drugs of Abuse • “Pleasure centers” of the brain

  15. Behavioral Regulation View: The Premack Principle • Behaviors are reinforcing, not stimuli • To predict what will be reinforcing, observe the baseline frequency of different behaviors • Highly probable behaviors will reinforce less probable behaviors

  16. Premack Revised: The Response Deprivation Hypothesis • Timberlake & Allison (1974) • Low frequency behaviors can reinforce high frequency behaviors • All behaviors have a preferred frequency • Deprivation below that frequency is aversive.

More Related