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Instrumental Conditioning Foundations

Instrumental Conditioning Foundations. Thorndike’s Puzzle Boxes. One cat’s data (all of the others are similar):.

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Instrumental Conditioning Foundations

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  1. Instrumental Conditioning Foundations

  2. Thorndike’s Puzzle Boxes

  3. One cat’s data (all of the others are similar): "Of several responses made to the same situation those which are accompanied or closely followed by satisfaction to the animal will, other things being equal, be more firmly connected with the situation, so that, when it recurs, they will be more likely to recur; those which are accompanied or closely followed by discomfort to the animal will, other things being equal, have their connections to the situation weakened, so that, when it recurs, they will be less likely to occur. The greater the satisfaction or discomfort, the greater the strengthening or weakening of the bond."

  4. The Skinner Box

  5. Some basic terminology R -- Rfer Contingency Positive (presented) Negative (removed) positive reinforcement (reward) negative punishment (omission) Positive Rfer Negative Rfer Consequence: negative reinforcement (escape) Positive punishment

  6. Instrumental extinction R -- 000 Some initial side-effects with operant extinction: 1) Increase in response frequency 2) Increase in response vigor (force) 3) Increase in response variability A fourth element: the discriminative stimulus SD (S+) S (S-)

  7. Shaping in Four Easy Steps 1) identify the target, current behaviours 2) Construct a list of “successive approximations” to the target 3) Starting with the first item on the list, reinforce until frequency is stable 4) Put the behavior on extinction until next “successive approximation” behavior is performed, return to step 3. Instinctive drift -Brelands’ studies Chaining -must identify each step of the chain in terms of an A-B-C contingency -each consequence sets up the antecedent of the next behavior in the chain Forward, backward, total task

  8. Response-reinforcer relationship -contiguity versus contingency -superstitious learning

  9. Partial Reinforcement Schedules Cumulative Recorder

  10. Partial Reinforcement Schedules FR VR VI FI

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