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Cell Structure and Function Chapter 5

Cell Structure and Function Chapter 5. Organelles. There are many small structures located inside the cell. These structures are called organelles (little organs). These organelles perform functions that keep the cell alive.

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Cell Structure and Function Chapter 5

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  1. Cell Structure and FunctionChapter 5

  2. Organelles • There are many small structures located inside the cell. • These structures are called organelles (little organs). • These organelles perform functions that keep the cell alive. • Some organelles are found only in plant cells, and only in animal cells.

  3. Do Now! • Answer questions in UPCO page 65, # 1,2.

  4. Cell Membrane • Also called plasma membrane. • Acts as a barrier between the cell and the outside environment. • Maintains the shape of the cell. • Protects the cell. • Is a phospholipid bi-layer (fluid mosaic model). • Is semi-permeable (allows only certain things in or out of the cell). • Aids in maintaining homeostasis.

  5. Cell Membrane

  6. Do Now ! Answer questions in UPCO, page 67, # 1,2 (top).

  7. Cell Membrane- Let’s go to the Video

  8. Passive Transport • Is the passage if materials into and out of the cell without the use of energy. • Most commonly involves Diffusion. • Osmosis is diffusion through water. • Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration toan area of lower concentration. • Equilibrium is reached when the two areas (high and low concentration) become equal concentrations. • The concentration gradient is the difference between the concentration of two areas.

  9. Let’s go to the Video!

  10. Active Transport • Cellular energy is used to move particles through a membrane. • This movement is from lowerconcentration to higher concentration. • It is against the concentration gradient. • Pinocytosis- large dissolved molecules are taken into the cell. • Phagocytosis- large undissolved molecules are taken into the cell.

  11. Let’s go to the Video!

  12. A type of active transport. Large dissolved molecules taken into the cell by formation of vacuoles. C.M. forms an indentation and pinches off w/ the dissloved molecule and forms a vacuole. A type of active transport. Large undissloved molecules are taken into the cell. Cytoplasm flows around the particles and engulfs them. Pinocytosis Phagocytosis

  13. Let’s go to the Video! Surface to volume ratio:

  14. Cytoplasm • Jelly-like substance inside the cell. • Gives the cell it’s shape. • Contains the organelles. • It is located between the C.M. and the Nucleus.

  15. Let’s go to the Video!

  16. Do Now! • Answer questions 1-3, on page 67 in UPCO.

  17. Nucleus • Large round structure located inside the cytoplasm. • Contains genetic material (DNA). • Has a nuclear membrane (semi-permeable). • Contains a Nucleolus (makes Ribosomes). • Controls the activity of the cell.

  18. Let’s go to the Video!

  19. Do Now! • Answer questions 1-3, on page 68 (top) in UPCO.

  20. Mitochondria • The “powerhouse” of the cell. • Function in CellularRespiration. • Produce energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). • Have DNA. • Folded inner membranes are called Cristae.

  21. Mitochondria

  22. Let’s Go to the Video!

  23. Do Now! Answer questions 1-8 on page 69 in UPCO.

  24. Chromosomes • Long thread-like structures found in the nucleus of the cell. • Contain hereditary info. • Genes are hereditary units made up of DNA.

  25. Chromosomes

  26. Do Now! Answer questions 1,2 on page 68 (bottom) in UPCO.

  27. Endoplasmic Reticulum • A system of channels or canals w/i the cytoplasm, that transports materials. • Smooth E.R. has noribosomes on it. • Rough E.R. has ribosomes.

  28. Let’s go to the Video!

  29. Do Now! Answer questions 1,2 on page 70 (top) in UPCO.

  30. Ribosomes • Make proteins. • Can be found attached to the E.R., or floating freely in the cytoplasm.

  31. Do Now! Answer questions 1,2 on page 70 (middle) in UPCO.

  32. Golgi Complex • A stack of membrane bound channels and vacuoles. • They synthesize, package, and secrete cell products (proteins).

  33. Golgi Complex

  34. Let’s go to the Video!

  35. Do Now! Answer question 1 on page 70 (bottom).

  36. Vacuoles • Sac-like structures. • Storefood, water, wastes. • Located in the cytoplasm. • Plants have a large central vacuole.

  37. Vacuoles

  38. Do Now! Answer question 1 on page 71 (top).

  39. Lysosomes • Membrane bound sacs. • Contain digestiveenzymes. • Destroy damaged or old cell parts, invading pathogens.

  40. Lysosomes

  41. Let’s go to the Video!

  42. Do Now! Answer question 1 on page 71 (middle) in UPCO.

  43. Chloroplasts • Organelle involved with the manufactureoffoodinplants. • Located in the cytoplasm. • Contain Chlorophyll (green pigment). • Contains enzymes, grana, stroma. • Function during photosynthesis.

  44. Chloroplasts

  45. Do Now! Answer questions 1-7 on page 72 in UPCO.

  46. Centrioles • Found in animal cells. • Function during celldivision. • Look like cylinders and are found in pairs near the nucleus.

  47. Centrioles

  48. Do Now! Answer question 1 on page 72 in UPCO (bottom).

  49. Cell Wall • Found only in plantcells. • Made up Cellulose, a non- living material. • Protects and shapes the cell.

  50. Do Now! Answer questions 1,2 on page 73 in UPCO.

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