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CHAPTER THREE CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

CHAPTER THREE CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION. What do ALL living things have in common?. THE SAME “4" ELEMENTS!. __________________________________________. All Living Things Have These Elements in Common:. OXYGEN, (O). ____________. ____________. CARBON, (C). ____________. HYDROGEN, (H).

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CHAPTER THREE CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

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  1. CHAPTER THREE CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

  2. What do ALL living things have in common? THE SAME “4" ELEMENTS! __________________________________________

  3. All Living Things Have These Elements in Common: OXYGEN, (O) ____________ ____________ CARBON, (C) ____________ HYDROGEN, (H) ____________ NITROGEN, (N) ____________ CALCIUM, (Ca) ____________ PHOSPHORUS, (P) _OTHER_____ ____________ SULFUR, (S)

  4. THE 4 ELEMENTS OF LIFE HONC Hydrogen Carbon Oxygen Nitrogen 97% of living things are made up of: Oxygen, Carbon Hydrogen and Nitrogen

  5. CONTRIBUTORS TO THE DISCOVERY OF CELLS HOOKE LEEUWENHOEK _____________ SCHLEIDEN SCHWANN VIRCHOW _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ RESPONSIBLE FOR CELL THEORY CORK ANIMALCULES Made better ______________ and observed cells in greater ______________. First to observe ______________ Concluded that all ___________ ___________ were made up of ___________ Proposed that all cells come from ____________ __________ The first to ____________ cells. Responsible for ____________ them LENSES The first to note that _____________ were made up of ___________ LIVING THINGS IDENTIFY OTHER CELLS PLANTS NAMING DETAIL CELLS CELLS NUCLEUS

  6. CELL THEORY ALL ORGANISMS ARE MADE OF CELLS THE CELL IS THE MOST BASIC UNIT OF LIFE. ALL EXISTING CELLS ARE PRODUCED BY OTHER LIVING CELLS • ___________________________________________________________ • 2. ___________________________________________________________ • 3. ___________________________________________________________

  7. ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL http://www.johnkyrk.com/CellIndex.html

  8. CELL MEMBRANE __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ The outer most side of an animal cell, that gives the cell shape and holds in cytoplasm. (Also contains pores to allow some particles to move in and out of the cell.) CELL MEMBRANE _______________ _______________

  9. CYTOPLASM The clear, jellylike material between the cell membrane and the nucleus that makes up most of the cell (Most of all cell activity occurs here.) ________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________ CYTOPLASM _______________

  10. NUCLEUS The control center of the cell. Parts of the Nucleus: Nuclear Membrane: The membrane that surrounds the nucleus. Nuclear Pores: allow some particles to move in and out of the nucleus Nucleolus Chromosomes ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ _______________ NUCLEUS

  11. NUCLEAR MEMBRANE The membrane that surrounds the nucleus. ________________________________________ Nuclear Membrane in Green NUCLEAR MEMBRANE ______________________________ NUCLEAR PORES ______________________________

  12. CHROMOSOMES Thread-like cell parts with information that determines what traits a living thing will have. ____________________________________________________________________________________ Chromosomes in Red CHROMOSOMES _______________

  13. NUCLEOLUS HELPS MAKE RIBOSOMES. ________________________________________ NUCLEOLUS _______________

  14. MITOCHONDRIA Responsible for supplying ENERGY to the cell. __________________________________________________________________________ ____________ MITOCHONDRIA

  15. LYSOSOMES Helps digest, (break down), waste materials of cell. ________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________ LYSOSOMES

  16. GOLGI APPARATUS Packages materials for the cell. _______________________________________ GOLGI APPARATUS ______________ ______________

  17. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM ________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Moves cell materials from cell membrane to nuclear membrane and visa versa. (Can usually find ribosomes on this network.) ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM _______________ _______________

  18. RIBOSOMES MAKES PROTEINS FOR THE BODY. FOUND ON ENDOPLASMICE RETICULUM AND THROUGHOUT CYTOPLASM _____________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ RIBOSOMES _______________

  19. CENTRIOLES Parts of an ANIMAL cell that help with cell REPRODUCTION ____________________________________________

  20. VACUOLE Stores food and water for cell _______________________________________ ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL Contains many small vacuoles _______________________________________________________________________________________ Contains one large “central vacuole that takes up most of the space inside of a plant cell ____________________________ ________ VACUOLE

  21. CELL WALL The outer most side of an plant cell, (surrounds the cell membrane), that gives the cell structure, and a specific shape. (More rigid than cell membrane.) _________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ ____________ CELL WALL

  22. CHLOROPLAST The plant cell parts that contain the green pigment, chlorophyll, which are responsible for producing food. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CHLOROPLASTS ______________________

  23. ANIMAL CELL DIAGRAM Label the organelles of this animal cell. • _________________ • _________________ • _________________ • _________________ • _________________ • _________________ • _________________ • _________________ • _________________ • _________________ • _________________ • _________________ • _________________ • NUCLEOLUS • NUCLEUS • RIBOSOMES • VESICLE • ROUGH ER • GOLGI BODIES • CELL MEMBRANE • SMOOTH ER • MITOCHONDRIA • VACUOLE • CYTOPLASM • LYSOSOME • CENTRIOLES

  24. 2. ____________ 3. ____________ 1. ____________ 8. ____________ 4. ____________ 7. ____________ 6. ____________ 5. ____________

  25. 1._____________ 2._____________ 12.__________ 3._____________ 4._____________ 5._________ 6._________ 7.________ 9._____________ 8._____________ 10.___________ 11.___________ 12._______

  26. 3._________ 1.____________ 4._________ 6._________ 2.____________ 5._________ 7._________ 8._________ 9._________ 10.___________ 12.___________ 11.___________

  27. 2._________________ 1._____________ 3.__________ 4.______________ 5.______________ 6.________________ 7._________________

  28. 2.____________ 1._____________ 3.____________ 4.____________ 10.____________ 5._____________ 6._____________ 9.____________ 7.____________ 8.____________

  29. 2._______________ 3._______________ 4.______________ 1._______________ 5._______________ 6._______________ 7._______________ 8._______________

  30. 2.__________________ 1.__________________ 12.__________________ 3.__________________ 11.__________________ 4.__________________ 10.__________________ 5.__________________ 9.__________________ 8.__________________ 7.__________________ 6.__________________

  31. 11._____________________ 10.___________ 9._____________________ 1. _________ 8. ______________________ 7. ______________________ 6. ______________________ 3. _______________ 2. ____________ 5. ______________________ 4. ______________________

  32. 2. _____________ 1. _____________ 12. _____________ 11. _____________ 3. _____________ 10. _____________ 9. _____________ 8. _____________ 4. _____________ 7. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. ________________

  33. 2. ____________________ 1. ____________________ 3. ____________________ 11. __________ 4. ____________________ 5. ____________________ 6. ____________________ 10. ____________ 7. ____________________ 8. ____________________ 9. ____________________

  34. 1. ____________________ 2. ____________________ 3. ____________________ 10. ____________________ 9. ____________________ 4. ____________________ 8. ____________________ 5. ____________________ 7. ____________________ 6. ____________________

  35. 3.4 Diffusion and Osmosis KEY CONCEPT Materials move across membranes because of concentration differences.

  36. 3.4 Diffusion and Osmosis Passive transport - does not require energy input from a cell. • Molecules can move across the cell membrane through passive transport. • There are two types of passive transport. • diffusion • osmosis

  37. 3.4 Diffusion and Osmosis • Osmosis - is the diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane. • Diffusion – movement of a substance from where there is a large amount to where there is a small amount

  38. 3.4 Diffusion and Osmosis • There are three types of solutions. • isotonic – concentrations are equal • hypertonic – solution has more solutes than a cell, cell shrivels and dies • Hypotonic – solution has fewer solutes than a cell, cell expands and may burst hypotonic hypertonic

  39. 3.4 Diffusion and Osmosis Some molecules can only diffuse through transport proteins. • Some molecules cannot easily diffuse across the cell membrane. • Facilitated diffusion - diffusion through transport proteins.

  40. 3.5 Active Transport, Endocytosis, and Exocytosis Active transport - Cells use energy to transport materials that cannot diffuse across a membrane.

  41. 3.5 Active Transport, Endocytosis, and Exocytosis A cell can import and export large materials or large amounts of material in vesicles during the processes of endocytosis and exocytosis. • Cells use energy to transport material in vesicles. • Exocytosis - the process of expelling material from inside the cell to outside the cell. • Endocytosis - the process of taking material into the cell • Phagocytosis - a type of endocytosis

  42. Tissues - groups of cells that perform a similar function. Organs - groups of tissues that perform a specific or related function. Organ systems - groups of organs that carry out similar functions. SYSTEMS leaf shoot system stem vascular tissue CELL TISSUE ORGAN root system lateral roots primary root

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