Holocaust Rescuers

1. Holocaust Rescuers By: Jeremy Papuga on the Holocaustproj Wikispace.

2. A non-Jew who helped a Jew could be hung or shot. The police tortured or shot some of the rescuer's children in front of them. Airplanes and machine guns killing many. Dangers

3. Why didn’t some help • Did not see or understand what was going on. • Were in such shock of what was happening. • Were afraid of the dangers. • Preoccupied with stress and food shortages. • Propaganda of Jews being the enemy.

4. Why people did help • Asked directly by someone in danger. • Knew personally someone in danger. • Had extra room or space to hide Jews. • The Jew had an Aryan look to him so they could say he was family. • Many people loved Jews for many different reasons.

5. Groups of rescuers • Clergy • Oskar Schindler • Citizens of Denmark, Poland, France, Belgium, Netherlands, the Ukraine, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Greece, and many other nations • Ambassadors and government officials • Children’s workers • Doctors • The White Rose • Varian Fry and the Emergency Rescue Committee

6. Started to rebel after observing a young girl witnessing a murder. used his business, connections, and money to rescue Jews Spent millions to save the Jews Kept them from being deported Bribed Nazis so he could continue to help Jews His wife Emilie Schindler helped save the Jews He saved over 1,500 lives Oskar Schindler

7. Started by Hans and Sophie Scholl At first they liked Hitler’s ideas. They joined after their father said that the Nazis were leading Germany sown a road of destruction. Sent out pamphlets called “The White Rose” saying how the Nazis were imprisoning Jews. Made as many copies as they could. Published a total of six leaflets. Were executed after the Nazis found out who published the pamphlets. The White Rose

8. Traveled to France as a representative of a private American relief organization Had a list of people who were in danger of persecution Stayed for over a year Helped refugees escape France Varian Fry and the Emergency Rescue Committee

9. The Youth Aliyah - movement founded for the transfer of Jewish children from Germany to Palestine and Britain. Care of Children - organized the travel and shelter of over 10,000 central European Jewish refugee children Children's Aid Society; OSE – French organization that used institutions to hide Jewish children Children Rescuers

10. Yad Vashem Holocaust Memorial Center in Jerusalem Streets named after members of the White Rose. Holocaust Memorial Center in Washington DC Memorials in other cities around the US Recognition

11. Hans and Sophie Scholl

12. Groups of Rescuers

13. Joseph Andre was a Belgian abbot who helped rescue hundreds of Jewish children and still encouraged them to remain in the Jewish faith. Germaine Belline and Liliane Gaffney hid 30 Jews in their house in Belgium. Ivan Beltrami used his position as an intern to protect Jews in a hospital infirmary. Esther Bem and her family were saved by a family who hid them in an Italian village. Marie Benoit was a French Capuchin monk who arranged for the rescue of thousands of Jews. Franciska Halamajowa hid Jews in her hayloft and cellar. Adelaide Hautval was a French physician who defied the Nazis and assisted those in need at Auschwitz and Birkenau. Esta Heiber was able to rescue 20 jewish children in Belgium. Father Jacques de Jésus was a Carmelite friar and headmaster of the Petit Collège Sainte-Thérèse de l ' Enfant-Jésus. His attempt to rescue four Jewish boys is remembered in the film Au Revoir les Enfants. List of Well Know Rescuers

14. John Damski helped many Jews in Poland to escape the ghetto, obtain false documents, and find work after he himself was released from prison. Jean Deffaugt, was the mayor of a French town on the Swiss border. He aided Jews caught crossing the border. Marc Donadille was a Protestant minister who rescued about 80 Jewish children in France. Miep Gies was one of those who attempted to hide Anne Frank and her family. Helen L. was a prisoner who was saved by an older Russian soldier. Barbara Szymanska Makuch aided Jews in Nazi-occupied Poland. The Nazis imprisoned her for her work in the underground. Laura Margolis' relief efforts among the Jewish refugees in the Shanghai ghetto saved many lives. Mihael Michaelov helped Jews in Bulgaria during the Holocaust. Ellen Nielsen helped Jews escape by boat to Sweden. List of Well Know Rescuers

15. Dimitar Peshev helped to rescue Jews in Bulgaria. Mirjam Pinkhof worked with Joop Westerweel in Holland, finding refuge for German children who had been sent there by their parents for safety after Kristallnacht. . Aristides de Sousa Mendes, the Portuguese consul general in Bordeaux, disobeyed his government's orders and issued thousands of special transit visas allowing refugees to cross Spain into Portugal. Tina Strobos was an active member of the Dutch underground. Marie-Rose Gineste harbored Jews in Montauben, France. The Gorniak Family hid Jews in their hayloft. Marian Halicki hid a group of Jews in his workroom. Hermann Friedrich Grabe used his position as a foreman to employ and protect many Jews. Paul Gruninger was a Swiss official who disobeyed his government by allowing some thirty-six hundred Jews to cross illegally into Switzerland. List of Well Know Rescuers

16. Pastor Andre Trocme lead an effort in the French Protestant village of Le Chambon to save some 3,000-5,000 Jews. Jan Zwartendijk, the acting Dutch consul in Kovno, stamped passports of Lithuanian Jews allowing them to emigrate to Japan. Anna and Jaruslav Chlup cared for Herman Feder, a Jewish man who escaped from a train on its way to a death camp. Emilie Guth and Ermine Orsi were French Protestants who hid Jews in the LeFive Marion P., a Dutch rescuer, hid a number of Dutch Jews. Bert Bochove and his wife Annie saved the lives of many Jews in Holland during the war. Antonin Kalina, a Communist political prisoner, was able to protect 1,300 children in Buchenwald. List of Well Know Rescuers