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Bellringer : Take out your science binder and vocabulary review sheet.

Bellringer : Take out your science binder and vocabulary review sheet. Prepare to take notes and receive the rock project today. Rock Classification. Rocks are classified into 3 main groups based on how they are formed These groups are divided into smaller groups

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Bellringer : Take out your science binder and vocabulary review sheet.

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  1. Bellringer: Take out your science binder and vocabulary review sheet. Prepare to take notes and receive the rock project today.

  2. Rock Classification • Rocks are classified into 3 main groups based on how they are formed • These groups are divided into smaller groups • Depend on how and where rocks are formed • Study composition and texture

  3. Composition & Texture (make up) (sizes, shapes and positions of the grains) • Composition minerals that make up a rock • Texture • 1. fine-grained (small grains) • 2. coarse-grained (large grains) • 3. medium-grained (between fine and coarse grained)

  4. Sandstone Conglomerate Which is coarse-grained? 

  5. Igneous Rock • “Fire” rock • Magma “freezes” as it cools between 700 °C and 1,250 ºC • There are 3 ways that rock can melt • 1. rock is heated • 2. pressure is released • 3. composition changes (exp: water enters a rock)

  6. Scoria Granite Pumice Obsidian Examples of Igneous Rocks

  7. Composition & Texture of Igneous Rock • There are differences in the way igneous rocks are made and how fast they cool • Light-colored rocks are lighterand rich in elements: silicon, aluminum, sodium and potassium(felsic) • Darker rocks aredenserand rich in iron, magnesium and calcium(mafic)

  8. Pumice Obsidian Composition & Texture of Igneous Rock -Darker rocks are:denser (mafic) -Light-colored rocks are: lighter(felsic)

  9. Igneous Rock Formations • Not all magma reaches the surface • Some magma cools within Earth’s crust • 2 types of igneous rocks: • 1. intrusive • 2. extrusive

  10. Intrusive & Extrusive • In--- inside----”enter”------internal • Ex---outside---”exit”-------external

  11. Intrusive • Magma cools inside Earth (beneath Earth’s surface) • Coarse-grained texture • Surrounded by other rock= cools slowly • Cools slowly • Intrusive= intrude= push into other rocks

  12. Extrusive • Forms on Earth’s surface; outside of Earth • Volcanic rock • Cools quickly on the surface • Very small crystals or none at all • Lava can also come from long cracks (fissures) on Earth’s surface

  13. Intrusive • Magma cools inside Earth (beneath Earth’s surface) • Coarse-grained texture • Surrounded by other rock= cools slowly • Cools slowly • Intrusive= intrude= push into other rocks

  14. Extrusive • Forms on Earth’s surface; outside of Earth • Volcanic rock • Cools quickly on the surface • Very small crystals or none at all • Lava can also come from long cracks (fissures) on Earth’s surface

  15. Extrusive Rock

  16. Sedimentary Rock • Wind, water, ice and gravity cause rock to weather • Erosion transports (moves) sediments • The sediment is deposited in layers • Sediments become compacted and cemented

  17. Sedimentary Rock • Weathering (breaking down) • Erosion (movement) • Deposition (deposit or drop off) • Compaction and Cementation (press ) (stick together) Natural glue

  18. Sedimentary Rock • It is a kind of rock that was made of dirt, sediments, (hence the name sedimentary) pebbles, decaying matter, or other organic material. • An example of a sedimentary rock is a fossil.

  19. Sedimentary Rock • Forms at or near Earth’s surface • without heat and pressure • Rocks tell a story– “history” • Rocks have layers called strata • Exp: the Grand Canyon

  20. Sedimentary Rock Structures • Rock can tell you about how it was formed • Stratification= layering • Sedimentary rock can record the motion of wind and water waves

  21. Metamorphic Rock • Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have "morphed" into another kind of rock. • Morph- means “CHANGE” • These rocks were once igneous or sedimentary rocks.

  22. How do sedimentary and igneous rocks change? • The rocks are under tons and tons of pressure • PRESSURE + HEAT • Heat builds up and causes them to change. • If you exam metamorphic rock samples closely, you'll discover how flattened some of the grains in the rock are.

  23. Meta”morph”ic Rock • Gneiss rocks are metamorphic. These rocks may have been granite, which is an igneous rock, but heat and pressure changed it. You can see how the mineral grains in the rock were flattened through tremendous heat and pressure and are arranged in alternating patterns.

  24. Heat & Pressure

  25. Types of Metamorphic Rock • There are two basic types of metamorphic rocks: • 1) Foliated metamorphic rocks have a layered or banded appearance that is produced by exposure to heat and directed pressure • Examples: gneiss, schist and slate • 2) Non-foliated metamorphic rocks do not have a layered or banded appearance. • Examples: marble and quartzite

  26. Metamorphic Rock:Foliated (layered)

  27. Metamorphic Rock:Nonfoliated

  28. The Rock Cycle

  29. HW/Reminders • The Rock Project deadline has been changed to Friday, October 16th. • Complete the vocabulary review and rock handout for HW. • Friday- Rock Project Due. Handouts due. Vocab Quiz today.

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