What do we think of when we say the word

1. What do we think of when we say the word • Government

2. But there’s more to it – thus what is Government?

3. Where does it get its power from? • Do we really need it?

4. CHAPTER 11 Enlightenment and Revolutionin England and America Section 1: Civil War and Revolution Section 2: Constitutional Monarchy in England Section 3: English Colonial Expansion Section 4: The Enlightenment Section 5: The American Revolution

5. Looking at Different Governments • How many can we name & do we know the difference between them?

6. the people! Government • Democratic governments…where do they get their power?

7. Government • Both absolute and Constitutional Monarchs get their power from • their family (HEREDITARY).

8. Government • Absolute Monarchs have no limits to their power and do not follow any rules. They rule absolutely.

9. Government • Constitutional Monarchs are limited by laws of a Constitution or by a governing body like a Parliament or Congress.

10. Section 1: Civil War and Revolution Objectives: (insert at least 1 in your notes) • Explore what led to the conflicts between Charles I and Parliament. • Examine how the rebellion in Ireland helped start the English Civil War. • Identify who would have supported the two sides in the English Revolution. • Investigate what led to the downfall of republican government in England.

11. Section 1: Civil War and Revolution Charles I and Parliament • Charles I believed in divine right of kings, was married to a French Catholic princess

12. Charles 1 • Charles I was not strongly favored by Parliament • Thus he was forced to sign the petition of right. • Which would place four huge limits on the throne

13. called upon the King to acknowledge that he could not: Petition of Right • levy taxes without Parliament's consent, • impose martial law on civilians, • imprison them without due process, • quarter troops in their homes.

14. Section 1 Recap: Civil War and Revolution The Long Parliament • Irish were dispossessed by British, treated brutally • Parliament wanted to be in charge of the army • Charles refused to compromise, led troops into House of Commons to arrest opponents • Neither side would compromise

15. Petition of right • Stated that the king could not tax without the permission of parliament • He could not declare martial law • Could not board soldiers in private homes during peacetime • He could not impression a person without specifying the chrage

16. Even though he signed the petition of right – Charles kept taxing people • And Parliament opposed his tax measures • Thus Charles disolves Parliament for 11 years

17. The story goes on • During this time period Charles has some bad luck with Scotland. He tried to force some of the catholic church practices into the Presbyterian country. • Eventually the Scots publish the “National Cvenant” which stated that any changes to their church would violate their religion and at this time – they people would be loyal to theur church rather than the king

18. Not eager to please • At this point Parliament isn't too happy with Charles. Thus they decree that Parliament must have at least one session at least every three years.

19. Charles gets mad • Charles dislikes their response to his request to tweak their religion and he takes troops into scotland…where they are unable to put down this religious rebellion.

20. I got Money • To get more money- and more funding for more troops Charles calls Parliament. The problem is Parliament wants to talk rather than act right away- thus Charles dismisses them again…. • Charles goes back to Scotland… and well surprise he is turned away again

21. Again? • Once again Charles comes back to England and calls parliament into session realizing he can not win without the help of parliament.

22. Cavs vs Roundheads • Cavaliers – called royalists, supported the king • Roundheads – supported Parliament

23. Section 1: Civil War and Revolution English Civil War • Oliver Cromwell – organized New Model Army and defeated Charles • Rump Parliament – abolished monarchy and House of Lords, proclaimed England a commonwealth, tried Charles I for treason

24. Oliver Cromwell • Leader of the New Model Army – who defeates Charles in 1645 • With the help of Cromwell they abolish the monarchy – and England is proclaimed a commonwealth (a republic) • The son of Charles fleas the country for his safety

25. Section 1: Civil War and Revolution Cromwell’s Commonwealth • Raised money from taxes and land sales • Army was disciplined and powerful • Enemies had no organized army • Encouraged trade and manufacturing

26. Cromwell quarreled with Parliament, then dissolved it • Cromwell ruled England as a protectorate until his death in 1658

27. Oliver son takes over • Richard became the protectorate after his fathers death…. but he was weak and he soon lost support of the army and overall power. • As a result in 1660 Parliament invited Charles II bacj to be king of england. • Known as the English Revolution

28. SECTION 1 Civil War and Revolution Question: What were some of the causes of the English Civil War?

29. SECTION 1 longstanding conflict between royalty and Parliament Irish rebellion English Civil War general population rejected radical Puritans’ attempted changes in the church efforts of Long Parliament to limit the monarchy’s power Civil War and Revolution

30. Section 1: Civil War and Revolution End of the Revolution • Charles II restored monarchy

31. Section 2 stop

32. Welcome back! • Charles II is resorted as monarch – this is know as the RESTORATION • Is also represents a rebirth in English culture Also in the news… • England wins control of the Dutch Settlement of New Amsterdam in North America and renamed is New York

33. But he isn’t welcomed back by all… Just like we have two main political parties in Congress – there were two main parties in Parliament The Tories & the Whigs, The Tories had a hereditary right to rule While the Whigs claimed they should deny James the right to rule. They favored a strong Parliament and opposed having a Catholic ruler.

34. He came, he saw, he died… • Surprise surprised Charles II dies WITHOUT AN HEIR • And thus the crown is passed to his Catholic brother JAMES II • But James is liked even less than his brother. • So much in fact that Parliament votes and decrees that he step down …. So the king is no longer the king.

35. If not James then who? • Even though they didn’t like Catholic James II …they did like his daughter and his husband….William of Orange • William III & Mary II lead their country into a new era called the GLORIOUS REVOLUTION • A period in which the monarchy of the country was switched without shedding once ounce of blood.

36. Changes in the Government bc of Thomas Hobbes • Thomas Hobbes believed the world was made in a state of anarchy (no rules where anything goes) … • To avoid unnecessary danger people selected a leader. Thus creating an unwritten contract where people gave up their absolute power so that they would be protected. The only right they kept 100% was the right to do whatever necessary to protect their own lives. • He believed only the strong survive!

37. John Locke • John thought that people only gave up some of their individual rights. • He believed people kept the right to live, to enjoy liberty, and to own property.

38. So what? • Yeah these two guys had some interesting ideas but why do we care? • Because people started to realize their lives were horrible and that they deserved more out of life. • Thus for the first time ever the government really started to be run “by the people” and start to care about “people” rather than power

39. Enlighten Yourselves! • HABEAS CORPUS – Habeas Corpus Act and Declaration of Rights – protected individuals against unfair arrest and imprisonment, unfairly high bail, or cruel or unusual punishment • The ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS – declares that parliament will decide who rules the country • Toleration Act – granted some religious freedoms • Act of Settlement – prohibited Catholics from taking the throne

40. Two become one • The Act of Union united Scotland and England into Great Britain – two countries became one kingdom.

41. Section 2: Constitutional Monarchy in England Parliamentary Rule • Growing power of Parliament – monarch must consult with Parliament; development of cabinet and prime minister • Constitutional monarchy – monarch remained head of state, royal powers were limited by constitution

42. Section 3: English Colonial Expansion The Beginnings of the British Empire • Explorers and sea dogs – English sea captains who challenged the Portuguese and Spanish monopolies of sea trade, plundered foreign ships, helped defeat Spanish Armada

43. The British in India – British East India Company • A charter trading group that became extremly powerful and wealthy and enjoyed strong support in Parliament

44. Colonizing the new world • England was slow in its efforts to colonize the new world. They were too busy looking for the north west passage. • The northwest passage was thought to be a water route to Asia through the new world. • Basically if you pretend the Mississippi river connected lake Erie to California

45. Settling Down • Jamestown = Virginia • Plymouth = Massachusetts • The purpose of these new colonies was to make money for the home country.

46. Section 3: English Colonial Expansion The British in America • British settlements – Jamestown and Plymouth • Mercantilism and the British colonies – discouraged colonial manufacturing and forced colonists to sell certain products only to Britain

47. SECTION 3 English Colonial Expansion Question: What is mercantilism and what are some effects of?

48. Mercantilism is an economic theory that the prosperity of a nation depends upon its capital, and that the volume of the world economy and international trade is unchangeable.

49. Mercantilism aggression conflict over resources colonization SECTION 3 English Colonial Expansion

50. Section 4: The Enlightenment Crusaders of the Enlightenment • Believed that natural law governed human behavior and that truth could be determined by logic, secularism, and individualism