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THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK

THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK. CHAPTER 10. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK. California indians - 1 st european contact was spanish Renamed Converted to Christianity. California indians - 1848 california gold rush Brought 1,000s of whites west

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THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK

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  1. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK CHAPTER 10

  2. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK

  3. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK California indians- 1steuropean contact was spanish Renamed Converted to Christianity California indians- • 1848 california gold rush • Brought 1,000s of whites west • 100s of tribes completely exterminated

  4. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK Modocs- Avoided contact until 1850s Hidden away in Tule Lake area TuleLake

  5. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK Kintpuash- Son of modoc chief Thought whites and Modoc could live in peace Father believed whites needed to be driven out kintpuash- • Father killed by white settlers • Kintpuash became chief

  6. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK Kintpuash- Went to settlements to find peaceful whites Found them in Yreka Peace with the modocs- • Modocs able to trade in peace • Whites gave Modoc new names • Kintpuash became Captain Jack

  7. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK Effect of u.s. civil war- Trouble arose Modocs would occasionally kill a cow for food Borrow a horse Excused by white friends as “usage tax” Effect of u.s. civil war- • Non-friendly whites trouble • Wanted removal • Politically arranged for removal treaty

  8. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK Removal treaty proposed- Would move modoc to klamathrez Captain Jack reluctant, but signed Trouble on the new rez- • Treated as invaders by klamath • Promised supplies never arrived • Klamath stole what little the Modoc had • Rez agent supplied Klamath w/food, clothes • Ignored needs of Modoc

  9. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK Search for survival- Captain jack led people to lost river In search of food Wanted area for new reservation Search for survival - • Indian bureau approved request • Ranchers did not want to give up grazing land • Modoc ordered to return in autumn of 1872

  10. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK Modoc resistance- Modoc refused to return to klamath November 1872 Army sent to force return Major James Jackson and 38 troops deployed from Ft. Klamath

  11. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK Ft Klamath and Upper Klamath Lake Lost River Valley

  12. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK The cavalry arrives- Mjrjackson arrived at dawn Scarfaced Charley and other warriors came out armed The return north- • Capt jack agrees to return • Capt Jack scolds Mjr Jackson • See page 222

  13. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK Shots fired- Modoc ordered to disarm Capt Jack objected Had never had trouble with whites, wouldn’t start now Shots fired- • Capt jack laid down his rifle • Others followed example

  14. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK Shots fired- Scarfaced charley kept pistol on hip Ordered to surrender it Shots fired- • Lt Frazier boutelle ordered to disarm charley • Shots ensue (See page 224)

  15. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK Shots fired- Two sides exchange fire 1 soldier killed, seven wounded On the run- • During shoot-out • Women and children board canoes • Followed Lost River south

  16. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK On the run- Men followed on land Hid in reeds on riverbanks Headed south of Tule Lake to California Lava Beds Traditional stronghold of the Modoc

  17. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK On the run- Lava beds were a natural feature Fires had created fissures, crevices, and caves Some ravines more than 100 ft deep On the run- • Took refuge in crater-like pit • Surrounded by natural trenches and breastworks • Hoped to be left in peace • Whites would not want lava beds

  18. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK

  19. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK

  20. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK

  21. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK Captain Jack’s Stronghold Home

  22. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK

  23. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK During fight with capt jack- Settlers attacked Hooker Jim’s camp Located across Lost River Fight with hooker jim- • Jim reached lava beds two days later • Whites had killed a baby, old woman, wounded several men • For revenge, Jim’s crew killed 12 white settlers on way to Lava Beds

  24. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK DEATH OF THE SETTLERS- MANY HAD BEEN TRUSTED MODOC FRIENDS Hooker Jim scolded by Capt Jack Told Jim responsibility for deaths would be Jim’s

  25. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK Death of the settlers- Jack knew army would come Would be seeking revenge Jack would be held responsible for murders Army arrives- • January 13, 1873 • Scouting party spotted Modoc positions • Attacked on January 16

  26. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK Army arrives- 225 regular army Supported by 104 Oregon/California Volunteers Took positions overlooking stronghold under cover of fog Army arrives- • Captain Jack favored surrendering • Willing to put his life in hands of soldier chiefs • Would save many of his people from dying in a battle

  27. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK The war begins- Modoc warriors hid under sage head coverings Moved amongst crevices picking off soldiers The war begins- • Hooker jim and curly headed doctor wanted to fight • Warriors met and voted • 37-14 supported fighting

  28. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK By midday- Soldiers spread out over a mile Communication broken Fog and terrain impeded U.S. By Midday- • Warriors ran back and forth across front • Gave soldiers appearance of high numbers

  29. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK Strong defense- When soldiers approached front Warriors concentrated fire on group Women helped in shooting That evening- • Ellen’s man led a charge on u.s. • Soldiers retreated • Left casualties on the field

  30. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK End of the day- Modocs had suffered no casualties! Soldiers returned next morning Under white flag Allowed to retrieve dead and wounded Left Lava Bed area completely

  31. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK Move for peace- In february Winema came to stronghold Capt Jack’s cousin Had married a white man Became Toby Riddle

  32. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK Talk of peace- Winema told jack of peace commission Hooker Jim and other killers would have to surrender Arrested as prisoners of war Would be sent to Indian Territory Talk of peace- • Jack agreed to meet

  33. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK Talk of peace- Hooker Jim and others went to surrender Reported to Commission at Fairchild Ranch Met w/Commissioners Alfred Meacham, Former Modoc Agent Eleazar Thomas, Clergyman L.S. Dyar, Klamath Sub-Agent General R.S. Canby, Commander of Troops in area

  34. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK HOOKER JIM CAPTAIN JACK CURLY HEADED DOCTOR

  35. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK General Edward R.S. Canby

  36. THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK TALK OF PEACE - IN EXCITEMENT OF SURRENDER Canby failed to place Hooker Jim and others under arrest TALK OF PEACE- • WHILE LOOKING AROUND CAMP • Jim ran into Oregon citizen • Promised to see the Modoc hanged • Fled camp immediately

  37. TALK OF PEACE - POLITICAL PRESSURE CHANGED CANBY Repealed offer of amnesty to Hooker Jim Modoc would now be arrested and tried in civilian court THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK TALK OF PEACE- • CAPT JACK IN A JAM • Could turn over Hooker Jim to save his people • Jim had come to him for protection as chief

  38. TALK OF PEACE - MARCH 21 Surgeon from Peace camp rode to Stronghold Arranged meeting between Canby and Jack Jack told Canby to remove troops from Lava Beds THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK TALK OF PEACE- • AFTER IMPASSE • Canby set artillery opposite Modoc camp • Easily within range of Stronghold

  39. TALK OF PEACE - April 2 Commission, Winema, and Frank Riddle rode toward Stronghold Met Jack, Jim, and other warriors to council Modoc had brought women as sign of peace THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK TALK OF PEACE- • JACK DEMANDED TROOPS BE MOVED • Canby replied that troops were closer because he had moved his camp closer to Stronghold • Made meeting Modoc easier

  40. TALK OF PEACE - JACK, AGAIN, DEMANDED SANCTUARY FOR JIM Canby made no promises Next council held in plain view of artillery formation THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK TALK OF PEACE- • JACK MET SECRETLY W/FAIRCHILD AND MEACHAM • Begged for rez on Lost River • Meacham stated it was impossible • In Oregon Territory near murder sites

  41. TALK OF PEACE - MEACHAM ASKED FOR HOOKER JIM AND OTHERS Capt Jack would not give them up Knew they would be tried in civilian court THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK PREPARING FOR WAR- • MEACHAM INFORMED CANBY OF MEETING • Canby sent Winema to Stronghold • Would escort any Modoc back to Canby that wanted to surrender • 11 Modoc accept offer

  42. PREPARING FOR WAR- ON RETURN TO CAMP, WINEMA STOPPED Relative named Weuim warned her not to return to Stronghold again Hooker Jim planning to kill anyone who came to camp THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK PREPARING FOR WAR- • WIMENA TOLD HUSBAND • Frank Riddle relayed message to Canby • His warning was dismissed by Commission

  43. PREPARING FOR WAR- AT STRONGHOLD, TALK OF WAR BEGAN See pages 233-234 THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK PREPARING FOR WAR- • CAPT JACK FOUGHT AGAINST WAR • Warriors threw shawl on him • Mocked him as a woman • Jack promised to kill Canby

  44. PREPARING FOR WAR- BOSTON CHARLEY SENT TO CANBY Modoc wanted April 11 council Come unarmed, as would Modoc THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK PREPARING FOR WAR- • CAPT JACK MADE 2ND PLEA TO WARRIORS • War would led to death of all Modoc • Would keep word to kill Canby if warriors wanted

  45. LAST CHANCE FOR PEACE- JACK WOULD NOT KILL CANBY IF SIDES COULD REACH AGREEMENT Sides met on Good Friday 1873 THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK LAST CHANCE FOR PEACE- • MODOCS CAME W/HIDDEN WEAPONS • Meacham and Dyer carried derringers in their pockets

  46. LAST CHANCE FOR PEACE- JACK ASKED FOR REZ IN MODOC COUNTRY Told that would not be possible Modoc could remain in Lava Beds until permanent rez established THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK LAST CHANCE FOR PEACE- • MODOCS WOULD NOT CONTINUE TALKS UNTIL SOLDIERS WERE SENT AWAY • Canby did not have that power

  47. LAST CHANCE FOR PEACE- JACK DEMANDED CANBY PROMISE REZ IN MODOC LAND Meacham sensed trouble Begged Canby to promise (even if he didn’t mean it) THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK TIME FOR WAR- • CAPT JACK SPRUNG TO HIS FEET • Fired twice at Canby (1st shot was misfire) • Canby killed

  48. TIME FOR WAR- OTHERS FOLLOWED JACK’S LEAD Boston Charley killed Rev. Thomas Winema saved Meacham Riddles, Meacham, Dyer escaped THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK TIME FOR WAR- • WAR BEGAN THREE DAYS LATER • Why wait three days? • What happened on Sunday?

  49. TIME FOR WAR- INITIAL ARMY CHARGE FOUND NOTHING Modoc hiding in caves and tunnels Army did brave thing-sent in other Indians to find the Modoc THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK TIME FOR WAR- • 72 WARM SPRING INDIANS FROM OREGON FOUND MODOC HIDE-OUT • Army stormed in • Nearly wiped out by Modoc ambush

  50. TIME FOR WAR- ARMY FIREPOWER STARTED TO OVERWHELM Modoc forced to scatter Eat horses for food and began running out of water THE ORDEAL OF CAPTAIN JACK COWARD’S END- • HOOKER JIM AND CAPT JACK BEGAN FIGHTING • Arguing over strategy • Jim did only thinkable thing…

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