College English ( Integrated Course 4 )

1. College English (Integrated Course 4) Unit 4 The Multicultural Society Text A America As a Collage PPT by Li Xiangqi

2. Map of the USA (50 states) The Mexican Gulf

3. About the Author: Ryzsard Kapuscinski

4. About the Author: Ryzsard Kapuscinski

5. Pluralism Pluralism refers to the acceptance of many different groups in society or many different schools of thought in an intellectual or cultural discipline. Although America’s culture is becoming more uniform, its society remains a diverse mix of ethnic, racial, and religious groups. The US

6. Pluralism is a pluralistic society, meaning it is composed of many nationalities, races, religions, and creeds. Some of the people who immigrated to America embraced the opportunity to leave old cultures behind and to remake themselves unencumbered by past traditions and and loyalties. Others found that the liberties promised under the Bill of Rights allowed for distinctiveness rather than uniformity, and they have taken pride in preserving and celebrating their origins. Many Americans find that pluralism adds to the richness and strength of the nation’s culture.

7. Multiculturalism Multiculturalism is a concept with many meanings. But it often refers to acceptance of immigrant and minority groups as distinct communities, distinguishable from the majority population. Like bilingualism, multiculturalism provokes debate. Advocated of multiculturalism believe that members of minority groups should enjoy equal rights in American society without giving up their diverse ethnic cultures.

8. Multiculturalism Multicultural education programs, for instance, strive to teach the content of different cultures, to build tolerance of these cultures, and to eliminate discrimination. The hope is to enable students to understand how other cultures view the world. Multiculturalists reject the idea of a melting pot and assimilation; they dismiss the idea that national identity must be based on a common heritage and values. Critics argue that multicultural education

9. Multiculturalism creates conflict among groups more than it fosters tolerance of one group for another. Cultural pluralism, critics contend, promotes rivalry and divisions. Moreover, they assert, European traditions remain central to American culture and institutions. Some critics find multiculturalism a token gesture designed to hid continuing domination of American culture by the majority group. Others argue that recognition of cultural differences and group identities does not help address social and economic disadvantages.

10. USA: A nation of immigration Although the US has been shaped by successive waves of immigrants, Americans have often viewed immigration as a problem. Established Americans often look down on new immigrants. The cultural habits of immigrants are frequently targets of established community. Despite such tensions,economic needs have always forced Americans to seek immigrants as laborers and settlers, and economic opportunities have beckoned foreigners. The vast majority of immigrants to the US have come in search of jobs and the chance to create a better life for themselves and their families.

11. USA: A nation of immigration In all of American history, less than 10 percent of immigrants have come for political or religious reasons. Economic immigrants from Europe, Asia, and Latin America have come to the US voluntarily. Others, most notably African Americans, were involuntarily transported to North America to do forced labor or to be sold as slaves. They were often treated with disdain until they assimilate or adopt the mainstream American culture established by earlier immigrants.

12. USA: A nation of immigration Although immigrants are expected to absorb the beliefs and standards of the dominant society, most immigrant groups try to maintain their own cultural heritage, and religious practices. Traditionally the US has been described as a melting pot, a place where the previous identities of each immigrant group are melted down to create an integrated, uniform society. Since the 1960s, many Americans have rejected the melting pot metaphor in favor of

13. USA: A nation of immigration The image of the mosaic, a picture created by assembling many small stones or tiles, each of which retains its own distinctive identity. People believe that collage or a mosaic better represents the diverse multicultural society of the USA.

14. Population of Los Angeles

15. Population of Los Angeles

16. Population of Los Angeles

17. Text Organization Part 1. Paras. 1-5: America is not declining, but is in the process of creating a new collage or mosaic-like civilization. The text is divided into 3 parts: Part 2. Paras. 6-21: Los Angeles is good example of such a collage. Part 3. Paras. 22-24: There is something in America that acts as glue to piece different parts together to make the American collage: the chance to try.

18. Comprehension of the whole text Los Angeles: A new civilization What do they represent in the text? A PC company in Orange County: A fusion of the Third World cultures with the most modern mentalities and technologies. A person born in Los Angeles: A citizen of the world America in the eyes of immigrants: A place where you always have a chance to try.

19. Comprehension of the whole text Decide whether the following are True or False? 1. By a new Pacific Civilization, the author means that the nations of the Pacific Rim, including America, become one nation with diverse cultures. (F) The author means that all the cultures of the Pacific Rim fuse with each other to create a new civilization of openness and pluralism.

20. Comprehension of the whole text 2. LA is mentioned as a premonition of the new Pacific civilization because its residents of diverse racial and cultural origins make it a closer link with the Third World and Asian than with Europe. (T) 3. In LA, the relationship between the development and underdevelopment is cooperation and construction. (T)

21. Comprehension of the whole text 4. In LA, in large communities of the Third World cultures, people all speak English. (F) In LA, in large communities of the Third World cultures, people all speak different languages. 5. In LA, the Third World cultures have to adjust their traditional concept of time. (T)

22. Comprehension of the whole text 6. At the beginning of the 21st century, the majority of the American population will be dark-skinned. (F) At the beginning of the 21st century, the majority of the world population will be dark-skinned. 7. Immigrants are attracted to America mainly for the better life. (F) Immigrants are attracted to America mainly for the chance to try.

23. Language points (L2) in decline/on the decline: losing strength, declining; Decline (v):decrease; say no to sth. --There’s a widely held belief that educational standards in our country are in decline. There is a (adj.) decline +(in) or (of)… --rapid /sharp /steep /dramatic /steady / gradual decline in/of --Sales declined in the past three months as result of the removal of ads from the local TV channels. --The invitation was politely declined because of the governor’s busy schedule.

24. Language points (L8) paralyze: make ineffective He had a minor stroke in 1987, which left him partly paralyzed. Storm Paralyzes City. (news headline) (L8) (be)(in)capable of (doing) sth.: be able to do sth. --A determined person is incapable of nothing if he makes his greatest efforts. --Dodge was fired because he was not capable of the job assigned to him.

25. Language points (L10) It is difficult for me to agree with Paul Kennedy’s thesis in … that America must inevitably follow historical precedent. 不可避免地重蹈历史覆辙 What’s the implied meaning of this sentence? Do you agree with him?

26. Language points (L12) inevitably follow historical precedent不可避免地重蹈(历史)覆辙 (L13) give way to (other empires): give in to; be replaced by --In past 50 years radio has given way to television which is more vivid with beautiful pictures. --When it turns into spring, the cold north wind gives way to the warm wind from the south.

27. Language points (L14) I have a sense that what is going on here concerns much more than the fate of a nation. (paraphrase) concern: be of importance to; have an effect on

28. Language points (L14) have a sense that:feel; believe;realize that --At that moment I had a sense that there was something wrong with the engine. --We have a sense that one month’s preparation is far from enough if we want to finish the project. (L18,72) fuse with: mix with --The culture of the settlers fused with that of the natives instead of eliminating it.

29. Language points (L26) polycentric poly-: many polygamy 一夫多妻 polyandry 一妻多夫 polygon 多边形 polynomial 多项式 polysyllable 多音节 polytechnic 工艺/理工专科学校 polytheism 多神信仰(论)

30. Language points (L26) leave behind: cause sth. to remain, fail or forget to bring or take --I think I might have left my wallet behind. --In class, a child with poor eyesight can soon get left behind. --It’s time to leave the past behind. (L28) premonition: a strange feeling that sth, esp. bad, is going to happen --When Anne didn’t arrive, Paul had a sense/ premonition that she was in danger. --a premonition of death

31. Language points Part 1. Paras. 1-5: America is not declining, but is in the process of creating a new collage or mosaic-like civilization.

32. Language points (L31) multicultural multi-: more than one, many multiple choice: 多项选择 multilateral: 多边的 multi-purpose: 多种用途的 multiform; multimedia multilingual; multinational multicolored; multimillionaire…

33. Language points (L36) plural: involving more than one person or thing or different kinds of people or things --His government has pledged to move the country towards a plural democracy. Britain has developed into a plural society. (L37) facility: a natural ability to do sth easily and well =talent --She has an amazing facility for languages. (L37) put a piece of their original culture inside of American culture.把他们自己原来的文化融入美国文化之中

34. Language points (L50) anticipate: expect --Sales are better than anticipated. --The schedule isn’t final, but we don’t anticipate many changes. --A good speaker is able to anticipate an audience’s needs and concerns. --It is anticipated that … --anticipate doing sth. anticipation n.

35. Language points (L50) This transformation of American culture anticipates the general trend in the composition of mankind. 美国文化的这一变化预示着人类构成的普遍趋势。 Question: What does “this transformation of American culture” refer to?

36. Language points (L51) composition: the way in which sth. is made up of different parts, things, or members --The composition of the group that is studied depends on the interests of the researcher. v. be composed (of):be made of; consist of --Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen. --The investigation committee is composed of delegates from different political parties.

37. Language points (L55) landscaped : landscape (n.); landscape (v., often passive): to make a park, garden etc look attractive and interesting by changing its design, and by planting trees and bushes etc. --Guilin is most famous for its peacefully lyrically beautiful landscape. --The area round the mill pond has also been landscaped.

38. Language points (L56) ultra-clean ultra-: extremely, above and beyond sth in range ultrasonic: 超音速 ultrasonics: 超声学 ultrasound: 超声波 ultra-right: 极右的、极保守的 ultraviolet: 紫外线的

39. Language points （L75）And the border between races has usually been a border of tension, of crisis. 种族交界处往往是关系紧张的交界处，是危机的交界处。

40. Language points (L76) constructive: helpful, having a useful purpose --After the meeting, both sides described the talk as frank, friendly and constructive. (L85) merge with: combine different qualities, ideas, or things --He helped the old party fuse with the new one. --The bank announced that it was to merge with another of the high street bank.

41. Language points (L88) destructive: causing damages or harm --The strong El Nino which occurred between 1982 and 1983 was the most destructive in more than a century. (L89) … it is important, simply, that such a possibility as Los Angeles exists. What kind of possibility?

42. Language points (L94) show up: show one’s nose; be present --He was kicked out of school because he seldom show up for classes. --She always shows up in fanciest clothes. (L99) merge into: blend into --She avoided reporters at the airport by merging into the crowds. mergern.: the joining together of two or more companies or organizations to form one larger one

43. Language points (L100) in the …sense: as far as …is concerned --This is a well-written article in the linguistic sense rather than in the academic sense. --In the environmental sense, your plan to build a chemical factory is a disaster, whatever the economic benefits may seem to be. (L101) work toward one common aim:奔向一个共同的目标

44. Language points (L102) From the perspective of a world submerged in religious, ethnic, and racial conflict, this harmonious cooperation is something unbelievable. 世界充满着宗教的、种族的、民族的冲突，从这个角度来看，这种融洽的合作令人难以置信。

45. Language points (L102) from the perspective of: from the viewpoint of --The film is shot from the perspective of children. --From the perspective of the environment, the local government’s economic policies are destructive rather than constructive. Part 2. Paras. 6-21: Los Angeles is good example of such a collage.

46. Language points (L102) submerge: go under the surface of water, cover or completely hide --The submarine submerged. --Feelings she thought she’d submerged were surfacing again. (=suppress) --Mary submerged herself in work to try and forget about Tom. sub- : under or below, less important --subzero temperatures, --subsection, subconscious, subtropical

47. Language points (L112) stagnant: unchanging, still and stale --The government has worked out a plan to revive the stagnant economy. --They tried to drain stagnant pools where mosquitoes breed. stagnation n. Part 3. Paras. 22-24: There is something in America that acts as glue to piece different parts together to make the American collage: the chance to try.

48. Expressions in the text 1. from the perspective of: from the viewpoint of: 2. in the (adj.) sense: as far as… concerned 3. in decline/ on the decline: losing strength 4. leave behind 5. have a/the sense that…: feel/ believe/ realize that…

49. Expressions in the text 6. a nation in decline:衰落的国家 7. the rise and fall of :…的兴衰 8. great powers:列强 9. follow historical precedent:重蹈历史覆辙 10. I have a sense that…:我有种感觉 11. fuse/merge with:与…相融 12. cultural pluralism:文化多元化

50. Expressions in the text 13. general trend: 普遍趋势 14. high-technology parks: 高科技园 15. The Pacific Rim civilization: 环太平洋文化 16. A conception of time: 时间观念 17. A stagnant / paralyzed society: 停滞不前的社会