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2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system. Essential questions. What are the structures of blood? What are the structures of the circulatory system?. Structures of the circulatory system. Blood Heart Vessels Arteries Veins Capillaries. Blood. Hema - = blood

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2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

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  1. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  2. Essential questions • What are the structures of blood? • What are the structures of the circulatory system? 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  3. Structures of the circulatory system • Blood • Heart • Vessels • Arteries • Veins • Capillaries 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  4. Blood • Hema- = blood • -ology = the study of • The average adult has 8 – 10 pints of blood 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  5. Blood One drop of blood contains: • 5 million RBCs • 250,000-500,000 platelets • 7,500 WBCs Red blood cells live 120 days. Make 2 million new blood cells per second! 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  6. Plasma Erythrocytes Leukocytes Thrombocytes Structures of the blood 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  7. Plasma • Straw-colored liquid (yellow) • 55% of the blood’s volume • Water • Plasma proteins: (fibrinogen, albumin, globulin) • Nutrients • Electrolytes • Hormones, vitamins, and enzymes • Waste products 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  8. Plasma proteins • Fibrinogen – necessary for blood clotting (coagulation) • Albumin – helps maintain blood’s osmotic pressure (pulling fluid into vessels) • Globulin • Gamma globulin – help make antibodies • Prothrombin – helps blood clot (coagulate) 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  9. (red blood cells) Biconcave disk Contains Hemoglobin Responsible for transportation of oxygen Made in red bone marrow Live 120 days then are broken down by the spleen and liver Erythrocytes 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  10. Leukocytes • (white blood cells) • Bigger than erythrocytes • Ameboid (no definite form) • Made in bone marrow • Help fight disease and injury • Two categories: • Granulocytes • Agranulocytes 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  11. Granulocytes Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Leukocytes 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  12. Leukocytes • Agranulocytes • Lymphocytes • Monocytes 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  13. Leukocytes Phagocytosis – How all WBC’s (except lymphocytes) surround, engulf, and digest harmful substances. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  14. Leukocytes Diapedesis – process where white blood cells can move through the vessel walls into surrounding tissue. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  15. Leukocytes 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  16. (platelets) Smallest of solid components of blood Made in red marrow Not cells, they’re actually fragments of megakaryocytes Necessary for the blood clotting process Thrombocytes 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  17. Coagulation (don’t write-just listen) Cut or injury  platelets and injured tissue release THROMBOPLASTIN  Thromboplastin + Calcium ions act on PROTHROMBIN in plasma  prothrombin converts to THROMBIN  the thrombin acts as an enzyme and changes FIBRINOGEN  FIBRIN Fibrin creates a mesh that traps red blood cells, platelets and plasma creating a blood clot.

  18. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  19. Draw and LABEL each of these: • Erythrocytes (should be red, medium sized and biconcave. There should be more of these than any other cell.) • Leukocytes (should be ameboid and large. Draw a granulocytes and an agranulocyte that look different from each other.) • Thrombocytes (should be smallest) • Plasma (yellow liquid everything floats in) 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  20. Inherited from parents Determined by presence or absence of an antigen on the surface of the red blood cell Blood types What are types of blood? • There are 4 major types of blood: • A • B • AB • O 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  21. In 1901, the Austrian immunologist Karl Landsteiner discovered that blood is grouped into four main types. Based on the reaction that resulted when blood from different individuals were mixed. Check your knowledge of medical history... 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  22. Blood types • Someone with type A blood has • A antigen and B antibodies 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  23. Blood types • Someone with type B blood has • B antigen and A antibodies 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  24. Blood types • Someone with type AB blood has • Types A and B antigens but no antibodies 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  25. Blood types • Someone with type O blood has • No antigens but has A and B antibodies 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  26. Rhesus (Rh) factor is an inherited trait that refers to another kind of antigen on the surface of a red blood cell. People with the Rh antigen are Rh+ while those without the antigen are Rh- Blood used in transfusions must match donors for Rh status as well as for ABO blood type. Rh factor: Are you positive or negative? 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  27. In 1940, the Rh factor was discovered as a result of studying Rhesus monkeys. When blood from monkeys was injected into rabbits and guinea pigs, it clotted. Rh factor 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  28. Rh Negative people do not automatically have the Rh antibody. (this is different than ABO types. You automatically have those antibodies) If an Rh- person receives Rh+ blood, he or she will develop the antibodies to it. Usually there is no problem with the first transfusion. But if there is a second transfusion of Rh+ blood to a negative person, the new Rh antibodies will clump with the Rh antigen of the blood being received. This can affect pregnancy. (Rh- mom who is exposed to Rh+ baby blood.) Rh factor 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  29. Blood types 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  30. Structures of the circulatory system • Heart Did you know your heart is the size of two fists? 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  31. Heart • The heart is a double pump • Purpose of right side is to collect blood from body and pump it to the lungs • Purpose of left side is to collect blood from the lungs and pump it to the body 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  32. Heart • Each side has two chambers (so four chambers total) • Atrium – top chamber that receives blood (plural is atria) • Ventricle – bottom chamber that pumps blood out 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  33. Heart • Blood comes into the right side from the superior and inferior vena cava. • Then leaves the right side via the pulmonary artery to go to the lungs. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  34. Heart • Blood comes into the left side from the pulmonary veins. • Blood leaves the left side via the aorta to go to the body. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  35. Heart • On each side of the heart, there is a valve between the atria (top chamber) and the ventricle (bottom chamber) • Tricuspid valve between right atria and ventricle • Mitral / Bicuspid valve between left atria and ventricle 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  36. Heart • There is also a valve at the exit points on each side • Pulmonary semilunar valve leading to pulmonary artery on right side • Aortic semilunar valve leading to aorta on left side. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  37. Structures of the circulatory system Trace the flow of blood through the body 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  38. Right side Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Right atrium Tricuspid valve Right Ventricle Pulmonary valve Pulmonary artery Lungs CO2 and O2 exchange Left Side Pulmonary veins Left atrium Bicuspid/mitral valve Left ventricle Aortic valve Aorta Body Flow of blood through the body 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  39. Heart Check your knowledge... Aorta Superior vena cava Pulmonary artery Aortic semilunar valve Pulmonary vein Right atrium Left atrium Tricuspidvalve Bicuspid (mitral) valve Inferior vena cava Pulmonary semilunar valve Right ventricle Left ventricle Septum Apex 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  40. Heart Flow of blood through the heart: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7XaftdE_h60 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  41. Layers of the heart Pericardium Myocardium Endocardium 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  42. Layers of the heart 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  43. Conduction system of heart

  44. Structures of the circulatory system Blood Vessels • Blood vessels is the umbrella term for arteries, veins and capillaries 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  45. Structures of the circulatory system • ARTERIES 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  46. Vessels of the circulatory system • ARTERIES • Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the capillaries in the body • Strong, Elastic, Muscular and Thick-walled • Transport blood under very high pressure • Arteries > arterioles > capillaries 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  47. Vessels of the circulatory system Arteries Arterial blood* Oxygen rich Bright red, spurts 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  48. Arteries • Branches off the aorta: • Coronary arteries (feed the heart) • Brachiocephalic artery  branches into right subclavian and right common carotid artery • Left common carotid artery • Left subclavian artery 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  49. Arteries • Branches off the aorta: • Coronary arteries!!! • Brachiocephalic artery  branches into right subclavian and right common carotid artery • Left common carotid artery • Left subclavian artery 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  50. Arteries • Arm arteries: • Subclavian artery  • Axillary artery  • Brachial artery  • Radial and Ulnar arteries 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

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