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Search for New Physics with the LHCb Detector

Search for New Physics with the LHCb Detector. Niels Tuning NIKHEF/ Free University Amsterdam On behalf of the LHCb collaboration MIAMI2005 , December 15 th 2005. Outline. Let’s consider a GUT scenario and show the possibilities for the LHCb experiment…. GUT + Neutrino mixing

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Search for New Physics with the LHCb Detector

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  1. Search for New Physics with the LHCb Detector Niels Tuning NIKHEF/ Free University Amsterdam On behalf of the LHCb collaboration MIAMI2005, December 15th 2005 Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  2. Outline • Let’s consider a GUT scenario and show the possibilities for the LHCb experiment… • GUT + Neutrino mixing • Predictions for bs • Signatures in LHCb • LHCb signatures: • The Box Diagram • Bs mixing: BsDs-π+ • CP phase: BsJ/ψφ • The Penguin Diagram/Rare Decay • Rare decays: B(s)(K*)μμ Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  3. Grand Unified Theories 15 Fermions Add reference • Can the large neutrino mixing angles be transferred to the hadronic sector? • GUT unifies quarks and leptons • Simplest GUT: SU(5) • Down type quarks with leptons in mulitplet: Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  4. To SUSY or not to SUSY Non-SUSY SUSY Amaldi, de Boer, Furstenau Phys.Lett.B260(447),1991 • SUSY GUT vs non-SUSY GUT: • Unification: 3σ vs 12σ • Scale: 3.1016 vs 1015 GeV • τp decay~ MGUT4 • R-parity in SUSY can prevent unwanted baryon number violation • sin2θWfrom SUSY in better agreement with data Phys.Lett.B592(1),2004 Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  5. The model: SUSY SO(10) Why SO(10) ?? • Small extension of SU(5) • SO(10)  SU(5) x U(1) • 16 = 10 +5 + 1 • It nicely incorporates the right-handed ν • The see-saw mechanism “explains” small non-zero neutrino mass, and even relates MνRMGUT • It relates neutrino mixing to squark mixing! Chang, Masiero, Murayama Phys.Rev.D67 (075013), 2003, hep-ph/0205111 Barbieri, Hall Phys.Lett.B338(212),1994, hep-ph/9408406 Jager, Nierste Eur.Phys.J.C33(256),2004 hep-ph/0312145 Harnik,Larson,Murayama,Pierce Phys.Rev.D69(094024),2004 hep-ph/0212180 Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  6. The model: SUSY SO(10) ~ Neutrino mixing angle bR • Superpotential: (16 are fermions, 10 Higgses) Chang, Masiero, Murayama Phys.Rev.D67 (075013), 2003, hep-ph/0205111 • YU contains the large top coupling • YU can be symmetric. In Yu diagonal basis we have: Just as in the SM, we rotate the d-quarks • Break to SU(5) • Break to MSSM (+rh ν): Without neutrino mass, UMNS could be rotated away Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  7. Neutrino mixing: Super Kamiokande CC reaction: νμ→μ μ-detection Oscillation: νμ↔ντ Courtesy Univ.of Hawaii Cosmic ray on atmosphere: π-→ e-νeνμνμ νμ↔ντ L/E (km/GeV) Phys.Rev.D71:112005,2005, hep-ex/0501064 Phys.Rev.Lett.81 (1562),1998, hep-ex/9807003 Δm2=2.2 10-3 eV2, sin2θ23=1 Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  8. Neutrino mixing  squark smixing Consequences: • No effect in sR↔bR (i.e. CKM), because there is no right handed coupling • Observable effects in mixing between s̃↔b̃ • The Box Diagram: • Bs mixing: BsDs-π+ • CP phase: BsJ/ψφLHCb • The Penguin Diagram/Rare decay: • Rare decays: B(s)(K*)μ+μ- Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  9. Size of the Box: Bs mixing (Δms) Phys.Lett.B192:245,1987 – Bs–Bs oscillations: “Box” diagram New particles can affect the Box: msSM  |Vts2| ms  |Vts+VNP|2 ? Remember B0d oscillations: • Predicted heavy particle… •  mtop>50 GeV • Needed to break GIM cancellations Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  10. Phase of the Box: BsJ/ψφ i(φs + φNP) |e | • Δms is senstive to |A(B0B0)| • We can also probe the phase of A(B0B0)| • Interference of two diagrams Ball et al,Phys.Rev.D69(115011),2004 hep-ph/0311361 • B0sJ/ψφ: Golden decay • Theoretically clean • sinφs= -Aηλ4/Aλ2 = -2ηλ2  -0.03 • Any larger asymmetry means new physics… • New physics appears in the box, as before: B0sJ/ψφ ? Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  11. Rare decays: B(s)(K*)μ+μ- s̃ μ+ μ- Tevatron: BR <1.5 10-7 μ+ μ+ s μ- s μ- SM: BR=3.4 10-9 • s̃↔b̃ also appears in Penguin Diagram • Affects rare decay B0K*μ+μ- • Similarly, Bsμ+μ-is very promising • SO(10) unifies fermion masses, and predicts: •  tan β = mt(MZ)/mb(MZ)~ 40-50 The “smoking gun” of SO(10) Yukawa unification... Blazek,Dermisek,Raby Phys.Rev.D65(115004),2002 hep-ph/0201081 Dedes,Dreiner,Nierste Phys.Rev.Lett.87(251804),2001 hep-ph/0108037 Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  12. Neutrino mixing  squark smixing Consequences: • No effect in sR↔bR (i.e. CKM), because there is no right handed coupling • Observable effects in mixing between s̃↔b̃ • The Box Diagram: • Bs mixing: BsDs-π+ • CP phase: BsJ/ψφLHCb • The Penguin Diagram/Rare decay: • Rare decays: B(s)(K*)μ+μ- Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  13. pp with s =14 TeV L = 2.1032 cm-2s-1 1012 b-hadrons per year Start in July 2007 What is LHCb? 10 meter 20 meter • Aim: • measure CP violation and rare decays • Bs mixing • CKM angles α, β, γ • Small branching fractions • … Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  14. Status LHC accelerator: LHCb experiment : Magnet Muon Filter RICH LHC tunnel LHC dipole Cryogenic servicesline 1 December 2005 Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  15. LHCb spectrometer VELO: Vertex Locator TT, T1, T2, T3: Tracking stations RICH1-2: Ring Imaging Cherenkov detectors ECAL, HCAL: Calorimeters M1–M5: Muon stations Dipole magnet VELO proton beam proton beam ~1 cm B collision point Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  16. Why LHCb? pT of B-hadron η of B-hadron • High cross section • LHC energy • Large acceptance • b’s produced forward • Trigger • ↓ Low pT • Leptons+hadrons • Particle identification with RICH Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  17. Bs mixing, Δms in LHCb ,K Bs K K Ds  Primary vertex bt • Measure B0sB0s • Need to know how B0swas produced: flavour tagging • Need to know how B0sdecayed: use BsDs-π+ Bs→Ds-π+(tagged as Bs) Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  18. Bs mixing, Δms in LHCb  5 observation of Bs oscillationsfor ms < 68 ps–1 with 2 fb–1 BsDs-+ proper time resolution τ ~ 40 fs • Measurement of ms is one of the first physics goals • Expect 80k Bs Ds-π+ events per year (2 fb–1) • Excellent proper time resolution is vital: • Average τ ~ 40 fs • 5σobservation for Δms=20 ps-1: • Tevatron 6 fb–1 all years? • ATLAS/CMS 30 fb–1 3 years • LHCb 1/4 fb–1 2 months • Standard Model: 20 ps-1 UT fit • Present experimental limit: >14.5 ps-1 Tevatron • 5σ observation in 1 year: <68 ps-1 LHCb Prediction for Δmsfrom UT fit: Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  19. Phase: BsJ/ψφin LHCb - + - + ~1-cos2θ ~1+cos2θ  cos(θ) Dunietz et al, Phys.Rev.D63(114015),2001 hep-ph/0012219 A = CP odd & A0,|| = CP even • B0sJ/ψφ: • Theoretically clean and experimentally easy: • J/ψ→µµ : trigger • J/ψ(µµ)φ(KK): 4 charged tracks • Annual yield: 120k events, S/B~3 • But need angular analysis • Final state contains a mixture of CP-odd and CP-even • Fit for sin fs, DGs and CP-odd fraction • (needs external ms) BsJ/ψφ(Bs tagged)  Proper time τ (ps) Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  20. Rare Decays: B(s)(K*)μ+μ- in LHCb Exclude BR>2.10-8 with 8 fb-1 Thesis P.Koppenburg Hurth, Rev.Mod.Phys.75(1159), 2003. hep-ph/0212304 B0K*μ+μ- • Annual yield: 4400 events, S/B~3 • BR(BK*μ+μ- )~1.2 10-6 • Sign for new physics: FB-asymmetry Theory LHCb Bsμ+μ- • Maybe LHCb first hot result! • BR(Bsμ+μ- )~3 10-9 : 30 evts/year • Background estimate difficult: • Generate 107 (b→μ, b→μ)-events • 0 events pass selection • But in 1 year we have 1010(b→μ, b→μ)… (mμμ)2 (mμμ/mB)2 LHCb Bsμ+μ-mass resolution: CDF+D0 R.Bernhard et al hep-ex/0508058 Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  21. So, what do we have: s̃ μ+ μ- μ+ s μ- Bs Ds-π+ • Additional contribution in box diagram • 80k events per year • proper time resolution is excellent τ ~ 40 fs Bs→J/ψφ: • Additional phase in box diagram • 120k events per year • Theoretically clean and experimentally easy B0→K*μ+μ- • Annual yield: 4400 events, S/B~3 • Sign for new physics: FB-asymmetry Bs→μ+μ- • Annual yield: 30 evts/year • Very sensitive to new physics • CP: CKM angles • angle γ (Bs→DsK, B→D0K*, B(s)→ππ/KK) • angle α (B→πππ) • angle β (B→J/ψKs B→φKs,…) • BR(B→K*γ), Bc, …, … Many other things… Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  22. Summary νµντ mixing SO(10) GUT Observable effect in LHCb + = • Neutrino mixing, combined with SO(10) GUT, predicts visible effects in LHCb: • The Box Diagram • Bs mixing: BsDs-π+ • CP phase: BsJ/ψφ • The Penguin Diagram/Rare Decay • Rare decays: B(s)(K*)μμ Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  23. Backup Slides Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  24. Comparison to other experiments • Numbers obtained from various presentations in the last year • WARNING: No explicit blessing… BR @90%CL: <7.10-9 Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  25. Generation 1↔2 mixing µ→eγconstraint? Experimental Bound • BR(µ→e γ)EXP<1.2 10-11 (MEG Coll. At PSI) • BR(µ→e γ)SM=0 • θ12is large: θ12= 33.9o±2.3o (SNO) • No large top Yukawa coupling to get large effects at low energy • Other models give very low BR, below experimental bound: J.Hisano et al.,Phys. Lett. B391 (1997) 341 R. Barbieri et al.,Nucl. Phys. B445(1995) 215 SU(5) with right-handed neutrinos Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  26. Generation 1↔3 mixing b→d effects? • θ13is measured to be small • sin2θ13<0.05 (CHOOZ) •  No effects on B0d system expected Jager, Moriond proceedings hep-ph/0505243 Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  27. Generation 2↔3 mixing τ→µγconstraint? • Mixing amplitude: • BR(τ→µγ ) : Λ3=|Uµ3||Uτ3| • BR(τ→µγ )EXP < 6.8 10-8 (BaBar) • BR(τ→µγ )SM = 0 • Large Bs mixing cannot be excluded by τ→µγ • Need helicity flip • LR mixing is small in CMM model • Different µ dependence BR(τ→µγ ) Jager,Nierste Eur.Phys.J.C33(256),2004 hep-ph/0312145 Jager, hep-ph/0505243 Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  28. Generation 2↔3 mixing bsγand BφKsconstraints? • bsγ • BR(bsγ)SM = (3.6±0.3) 10-4 • BR(bsγ)exp = (3.3±0.3) 10-4 • BR(BK*γ)exp = (4.01±0.20) 10-5 • BφKs • sin2φd=0.47±0.19 (BaBar+Belle) • sin2φd=0.69±0.03 (SM, ie. from BJ/ψKs) It is possible to increase Δms, given constraint: • Example:mg~500 GeV, mR3~200 GeV: • BR(bsγ) : +10% • sin2βB→φKs : ~0.4 • Δms :300 ps-1 Harnik,Larson,Murayama Phys.Rev.D69(094024),2004 hep-ph/0212180 Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  29. Sensitive to very high masses • Masses > 1TeV can be probed Bsμ+μ- Δms Dedes,Dreiner,Nierste, Phys.Rev.Lett.87(251804), 2001, hep-ph/0108037, Harnik,Larson,Murayama Phys.Rev.D69(094024),2004 hep-ph/0212180 Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  30. SU(5): The simplest GUT 15 Fermions Add reference • The simplest GUT is SU(5) • 24 gauge bosons • 8 gluons • 4 W,Z,γ • 12 bosons • 3 coloured Y (q=-1/3) • 3 coloured X (q=-4/3) • X,Y sometimes called leptoquarks or Higgs triplets • B, L violated, but B-L conserved 24 Bosons • Structure: • Fermions: 10 +5 • 5 = ( 1,2) + (3,1) • 10 = ( 1,1) + (3,1) + ( 3,2) Note: • From5 follows: qd=1/3 qe • From 10 follows: qu=-2 qd • Relation between charge and color Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  31. GUT: Proton decay… p π0 Data Proton Decay MC e+ mp=935 MeV • Super-Kamiokande limits: • τp>5. 1033 years • Corresponding to <1 kg of the earth Phys.Rev.Lett.81 (3319) 1998, hep-ex/9806014 Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  32. SO(10) 1 • SO(10)  SU(5) x U(1) • 16 = 10 +5 + 1 • Fermions: 10=[Q,uc,ec] 5 = [dc,L] 1 = νR • Multiplets like: (srR,sbR,sgR,νμL,μL) and(brR,bbR,bgR,ντL,τL) 10 • So, SO(10)… • … unifies all fermions in 1 multiplet • … breaks simply to the Standard Model • … explains bizarre charge assignments • … obtains unification (in its supersymmetric version) • … accomodates p decay bounds (due to big MGUT) • … includes the right-handed neutrino SU(5) • Question: • What does the presence of the right-handed neutrino imply, given the neutrino mixing? 5 Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  33. Neutrino mixing: SNO 8B →νe MSW oscillations: νe→νμτ Δm2=8.0 10-5 eV2, tan2θ12=0.45 Δm2=5.0 10-5 eV2, tan2θ12=0.34 SNO Coll., Q.R. Ahmad et al. Phys.Rev.Lett.89 (011302),2002, nucl-ex/0204009 SNO Coll., Q.R. Ahmad et al. Phys.Rev.Lett.89 (011302),2002, nucl-ex/0204009, nucl-ex/0502021 Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  34. EDM of the Neutron Larmor spin Precession • Standard Model: dn<10-31 e cm • A nonzero value is forbidden by P- and T-invariance • SUSY: dn<10-25 e cm Phys.Rev.Lett.82(907),1999 J.Ellis, Nucl.Instrum.Meth.A284(33),1989 Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  35. LHCbyields and background Nominal year = 1012 bb pairs produced (107 s at L=21032 cm2s1 with bb=500 b) Yields include factor 2 from CP-conjugated decays Branching ratios from PDG or SM predictions R.Forty, CKM 2005 Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  36. Literature List: GUT and B-physics GUT and B-physics • Chang,Masiero,Murayama, Phys.Rev.D67(075013), 2003, hep-ph/0205111, NEUTRINO MIXING AND LARGE CP VIOLATION IN B PHYSICS. • Harnik,Larson,Murayama,Pierce, Phys.Rev.D69(094024), 2004, hep-ph/0212180, ATMOSPHERIC NEUTRINOS CAN MAKE BEAUTY STRANGE. • Jager,Nierste, Eur.Phys.J.C33(256), 2004, hep-ph/0312145, Bs - ANTI-Bs MIXING IN AN SO(10) SUSY GUT MODEL. • Barbieri,Hall, Phys.Lett.B338(212), 1994, hep-ph/9408406, SIGNALS FOR SUPERSYMMETRIC UNIFICATION. • Blazek,Dermisek,Raby, Phys.Rev.Lett.88(111804), 2002, hep-ph/0107097 PREDICTIONS FOR HIGGS AND SUSY SPECTRA FROM SO(10) YUKAWA UNIFICATION WITH MU>0. • Ciuchini,Masiero,Silvestrini,Vempati,Vives, Phys.Rev.Lett.92(071801), 2004, hep-ph/0307191, GRAND UNIFICATION OF QUARK AND LEPTON FCNCs. • Larson,Murayama,Perez, JHEP 0507(057),2005, hep-ph/0411178, RIGHT-HANDED NEW PHYSICS REMAINS STRANGELY BEAUTIFUL. • Dermisek,Raby,Roszkowski,Ruiz, JHEP 0509(029),2005, hep-ph/0507233, DARK MATTER AND BsMU+MU- WITH MINIMAL SO(10) SOFT SUSY BREAKING II. • Jager, Proceedings Moriond, hep-ph/0505243, Bs - ANTI-Bs MIXING AND LEPTON FLAVOR VIOLATION IN SUSY SO(10). • Baek,Goto,Okada,Okumura, Phys.Rev.D63(051701),2001, hep-ph/0002141, NEUTRINO OSCILLATION, SUSY GUT AND B DECAY. • Blazek,King,Parry, Phys.Lett.B589(39), 2004, hep-ph/0308068, IMPLICATIONS OF BsMU+MU- IN SO(10) - LIKE MODELS. • Moroi, Phys.Lett.B493(366),2000, hep-ph/0007328, CP VIOLATION IN BdPHI Ks IN SUSY GUT WITH RIGHT-HANDED NEUTRINOS. Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  37. Literature List: New Physics and B physics New physics and B-physics • Ciuchini,Franco,Masiero,Silvestrini, Phys.Rev.D67(075016),2003, Err.D68(079901), 2003, hep-ph/0212397 bs TRANSITIONS: A NEW FRONTIER FOR INDIRECT SUSY SEARCHES. • Babu,Kolda, Phys.Rev.Lett.84(228),2000, hep-ph/9909476, HIGGS MEDIATED BMU+MU- IN MINIMAL SUPERSYMMETRY. • Ball et al, Phys.Rev.D69(115011), 2004, hep-ph/0311361, Bs - ANTI-Bs MIXING AND THE BsJ/PSI PHI ASYMMETRY IN SUPERSYMMETRIC MODELS. • Ali,Ball,Handoko,Hiller, Phys.Rev.D61(074024), 2000, hep-ph/9910221, A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE DECAYS B(K,K*)L+L- IN STANDARD MODEL AND SUPERSYMMETRIC THEORIES. • Hurth, Rev.Mod.Phys.75(1159), 2003, hep-ph/0212304, PRESENT STATUS OF INCLUSIVE RARE B DECAYS. • Dunietz et al, Phys.Rev.D63(114015), 2001, hep-ph/0012219, IN PURSUIT OF NEW PHYSICS WITH Bs DECAYS. • Dedes,Dreiner,Nierste, Phys.Rev.Lett.87(251804), 2001, hep-ph/0108037, CORRELATION OF BsMU+MU- AND (G-2)(MU) IN MINIMAL SUPERGRAVITY. • Dunietz,Fleischer,Nierste, Phys.Rev.D63(114015), 2001, hep-ph/0012219, IN PURSUIT OF NEW PHYSICS WITH Bs DECAYS. • Hiller,Kruger, Phys.Rev.D69:074020,2004, hep-ph/0310219, MORE MODEL INDEPENDENT ANALYSIS OF bs PROCESSES. • Nir, Nucl.Phys.Proc.Suppl.117(111),2003, hep-ph/0208080, CP VIOLATION: THE CKM MATRIX AND NEW PHYSICS. Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  38. Literature List: Other Experimental Papers • SuperK Coll.,Phys.Rev.D71:112005,2005, hep-ex/0501064, A MEASUREMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC NEUTRINO OSCILLATION PARAMETERS BY SUPER-KAMIOKANDE I. • ARGUS Coll., Phys.Lett.B192(245), 1987, OBSERVATION OF B0 – ANTI B0 MIXING • R.Bernhard et al, hep-ex/0508058, A COMBINATION OF CDF AND D0 LIMITS ON THE BRANCHING RATIO OF Bs,dMU+MU- DECAYS. Theory Papers • Amaldi, de Boer, Furstenau Phys.Lett.B260(447), 1991, COMPARISON OF GUT WITH ELECTROWEAK AND STRONG COUPLING CONSTANTS MEASURED AT LEP. • Blazek,Dermisek,Raby, Phys.Rev.D65(115004),2002, hep-ph/0201081, YUKAWA UNIFICATION IN SO(10). • Barbieri,Hall, Phys.Lett.B338(212),1994, hep-ph/9408406, SIGNALS FOR SUPERSYMMETRIC UNIFICATION. Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

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