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Exploring New Physics at LHCb - MIAMI 2005 Key Insights

Dive into the search for new physics with the LHCb detector - from Grand Unified Theories to SUSY models and neutrino mixing implications. Discover the potential signatures and rare decays being investigated. Unveil the interconnected nature of particles and mechanisms through innovative experiments.

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Exploring New Physics at LHCb - MIAMI 2005 Key Insights

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  1. Search for New Physics with the LHCb Detector Niels Tuning NIKHEF/ Free University Amsterdam On behalf of the LHCb collaboration MIAMI2005, December 15th 2005 Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  2. Outline • Let’s consider a GUT scenario and show the possibilities for the LHCb experiment… • GUT + Neutrino mixing • Predictions for bs • Signatures in LHCb • LHCb signatures: • The Box Diagram • Bs mixing: BsDs-π+ • CP phase: BsJ/ψφ • The Penguin Diagram/Rare Decay • Rare decays: B(s)(K*)μμ Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  3. Grand Unified Theories 15 Fermions Add reference • Can the large neutrino mixing angles be transferred to the hadronic sector? • GUT unifies quarks and leptons • Simplest GUT: SU(5) • Down type quarks with leptons in mulitplet: Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  4. To SUSY or not to SUSY Non-SUSY SUSY Amaldi, de Boer, Furstenau Phys.Lett.B260(447),1991 • SUSY GUT vs non-SUSY GUT: • Unification: 3σ vs 12σ • Scale: 3.1016 vs 1015 GeV • τp decay~ MGUT4 • R-parity in SUSY can prevent unwanted baryon number violation • sin2θWfrom SUSY in better agreement with data Phys.Lett.B592(1),2004 Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  5. The model: SUSY SO(10) Why SO(10) ?? • Small extension of SU(5) • SO(10)  SU(5) x U(1) • 16 = 10 +5 + 1 • It nicely incorporates the right-handed ν • The see-saw mechanism “explains” small non-zero neutrino mass, and even relates MνRMGUT • It relates neutrino mixing to squark mixing! Chang, Masiero, Murayama Phys.Rev.D67 (075013), 2003, hep-ph/0205111 Barbieri, Hall Phys.Lett.B338(212),1994, hep-ph/9408406 Jager, Nierste Eur.Phys.J.C33(256),2004 hep-ph/0312145 Harnik,Larson,Murayama,Pierce Phys.Rev.D69(094024),2004 hep-ph/0212180 Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  6. The model: SUSY SO(10) ~ Neutrino mixing angle bR • Superpotential: (16 are fermions, 10 Higgses) Chang, Masiero, Murayama Phys.Rev.D67 (075013), 2003, hep-ph/0205111 • YU contains the large top coupling • YU can be symmetric. In Yu diagonal basis we have: Just as in the SM, we rotate the d-quarks • Break to SU(5) • Break to MSSM (+rh ν): Without neutrino mass, UMNS could be rotated away Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  7. Neutrino mixing: Super Kamiokande CC reaction: νμ→μ μ-detection Oscillation: νμ↔ντ Courtesy Univ.of Hawaii Cosmic ray on atmosphere: π-→ e-νeνμνμ νμ↔ντ L/E (km/GeV) Phys.Rev.D71:112005,2005, hep-ex/0501064 Phys.Rev.Lett.81 (1562),1998, hep-ex/9807003 Δm2=2.2 10-3 eV2, sin2θ23=1 Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  8. Neutrino mixing  squark smixing Consequences: • No effect in sR↔bR (i.e. CKM), because there is no right handed coupling • Observable effects in mixing between s̃↔b̃ • The Box Diagram: • Bs mixing: BsDs-π+ • CP phase: BsJ/ψφLHCb • The Penguin Diagram/Rare decay: • Rare decays: B(s)(K*)μ+μ- Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  9. Size of the Box: Bs mixing (Δms) Phys.Lett.B192:245,1987 – Bs–Bs oscillations: “Box” diagram New particles can affect the Box: msSM  |Vts2| ms  |Vts+VNP|2 ? Remember B0d oscillations: • Predicted heavy particle… •  mtop>50 GeV • Needed to break GIM cancellations Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  10. Phase of the Box: BsJ/ψφ i(φs + φNP) |e | • Δms is senstive to |A(B0B0)| • We can also probe the phase of A(B0B0)| • Interference of two diagrams Ball et al,Phys.Rev.D69(115011),2004 hep-ph/0311361 • B0sJ/ψφ: Golden decay • Theoretically clean • sinφs= -Aηλ4/Aλ2 = -2ηλ2  -0.03 • Any larger asymmetry means new physics… • New physics appears in the box, as before: B0sJ/ψφ ? Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  11. Rare decays: B(s)(K*)μ+μ- s̃ μ+ μ- Tevatron: BR <1.5 10-7 μ+ μ+ s μ- s μ- SM: BR=3.4 10-9 • s̃↔b̃ also appears in Penguin Diagram • Affects rare decay B0K*μ+μ- • Similarly, Bsμ+μ-is very promising • SO(10) unifies fermion masses, and predicts: •  tan β = mt(MZ)/mb(MZ)~ 40-50 The “smoking gun” of SO(10) Yukawa unification... Blazek,Dermisek,Raby Phys.Rev.D65(115004),2002 hep-ph/0201081 Dedes,Dreiner,Nierste Phys.Rev.Lett.87(251804),2001 hep-ph/0108037 Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  12. Neutrino mixing  squark smixing Consequences: • No effect in sR↔bR (i.e. CKM), because there is no right handed coupling • Observable effects in mixing between s̃↔b̃ • The Box Diagram: • Bs mixing: BsDs-π+ • CP phase: BsJ/ψφLHCb • The Penguin Diagram/Rare decay: • Rare decays: B(s)(K*)μ+μ- Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  13. pp with s =14 TeV L = 2.1032 cm-2s-1 1012 b-hadrons per year Start in July 2007 What is LHCb? 10 meter 20 meter • Aim: • measure CP violation and rare decays • Bs mixing • CKM angles α, β, γ • Small branching fractions • … Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  14. Status LHC accelerator: LHCb experiment : Magnet Muon Filter RICH LHC tunnel LHC dipole Cryogenic servicesline 1 December 2005 Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  15. LHCb spectrometer VELO: Vertex Locator TT, T1, T2, T3: Tracking stations RICH1-2: Ring Imaging Cherenkov detectors ECAL, HCAL: Calorimeters M1–M5: Muon stations Dipole magnet VELO proton beam proton beam ~1 cm B collision point Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  16. Why LHCb? pT of B-hadron η of B-hadron • High cross section • LHC energy • Large acceptance • b’s produced forward • Trigger • ↓ Low pT • Leptons+hadrons • Particle identification with RICH Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  17. Bs mixing, Δms in LHCb ,K Bs K K Ds  Primary vertex bt • Measure B0sB0s • Need to know how B0swas produced: flavour tagging • Need to know how B0sdecayed: use BsDs-π+ Bs→Ds-π+(tagged as Bs) Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  18. Bs mixing, Δms in LHCb  5 observation of Bs oscillationsfor ms < 68 ps–1 with 2 fb–1 BsDs-+ proper time resolution τ ~ 40 fs • Measurement of ms is one of the first physics goals • Expect 80k Bs Ds-π+ events per year (2 fb–1) • Excellent proper time resolution is vital: • Average τ ~ 40 fs • 5σobservation for Δms=20 ps-1: • Tevatron 6 fb–1 all years? • ATLAS/CMS 30 fb–1 3 years • LHCb 1/4 fb–1 2 months • Standard Model: 20 ps-1 UT fit • Present experimental limit: >14.5 ps-1 Tevatron • 5σ observation in 1 year: <68 ps-1 LHCb Prediction for Δmsfrom UT fit: Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  19. Phase: BsJ/ψφin LHCb - + - + ~1-cos2θ ~1+cos2θ  cos(θ) Dunietz et al, Phys.Rev.D63(114015),2001 hep-ph/0012219 A = CP odd & A0,|| = CP even • B0sJ/ψφ: • Theoretically clean and experimentally easy: • J/ψ→µµ : trigger • J/ψ(µµ)φ(KK): 4 charged tracks • Annual yield: 120k events, S/B~3 • But need angular analysis • Final state contains a mixture of CP-odd and CP-even • Fit for sin fs, DGs and CP-odd fraction • (needs external ms) BsJ/ψφ(Bs tagged)  Proper time τ (ps) Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  20. Rare Decays: B(s)(K*)μ+μ- in LHCb Exclude BR>2.10-8 with 8 fb-1 Thesis P.Koppenburg Hurth, Rev.Mod.Phys.75(1159), 2003. hep-ph/0212304 B0K*μ+μ- • Annual yield: 4400 events, S/B~3 • BR(BK*μ+μ- )~1.2 10-6 • Sign for new physics: FB-asymmetry Theory LHCb Bsμ+μ- • Maybe LHCb first hot result! • BR(Bsμ+μ- )~3 10-9 : 30 evts/year • Background estimate difficult: • Generate 107 (b→μ, b→μ)-events • 0 events pass selection • But in 1 year we have 1010(b→μ, b→μ)… (mμμ)2 (mμμ/mB)2 LHCb Bsμ+μ-mass resolution: CDF+D0 R.Bernhard et al hep-ex/0508058 Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  21. So, what do we have: s̃ μ+ μ- μ+ s μ- Bs Ds-π+ • Additional contribution in box diagram • 80k events per year • proper time resolution is excellent τ ~ 40 fs Bs→J/ψφ: • Additional phase in box diagram • 120k events per year • Theoretically clean and experimentally easy B0→K*μ+μ- • Annual yield: 4400 events, S/B~3 • Sign for new physics: FB-asymmetry Bs→μ+μ- • Annual yield: 30 evts/year • Very sensitive to new physics • CP: CKM angles • angle γ (Bs→DsK, B→D0K*, B(s)→ππ/KK) • angle α (B→πππ) • angle β (B→J/ψKs B→φKs,…) • BR(B→K*γ), Bc, …, … Many other things… Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  22. Summary νµντ mixing SO(10) GUT Observable effect in LHCb + = • Neutrino mixing, combined with SO(10) GUT, predicts visible effects in LHCb: • The Box Diagram • Bs mixing: BsDs-π+ • CP phase: BsJ/ψφ • The Penguin Diagram/Rare Decay • Rare decays: B(s)(K*)μμ Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  23. Backup Slides Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  24. Comparison to other experiments • Numbers obtained from various presentations in the last year • WARNING: No explicit blessing… BR @90%CL: <7.10-9 Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  25. Generation 1↔2 mixing µ→eγconstraint? Experimental Bound • BR(µ→e γ)EXP<1.2 10-11 (MEG Coll. At PSI) • BR(µ→e γ)SM=0 • θ12is large: θ12= 33.9o±2.3o (SNO) • No large top Yukawa coupling to get large effects at low energy • Other models give very low BR, below experimental bound: J.Hisano et al.,Phys. Lett. B391 (1997) 341 R. Barbieri et al.,Nucl. Phys. B445(1995) 215 SU(5) with right-handed neutrinos Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  26. Generation 1↔3 mixing b→d effects? • θ13is measured to be small • sin2θ13<0.05 (CHOOZ) •  No effects on B0d system expected Jager, Moriond proceedings hep-ph/0505243 Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  27. Generation 2↔3 mixing τ→µγconstraint? • Mixing amplitude: • BR(τ→µγ ) : Λ3=|Uµ3||Uτ3| • BR(τ→µγ )EXP < 6.8 10-8 (BaBar) • BR(τ→µγ )SM = 0 • Large Bs mixing cannot be excluded by τ→µγ • Need helicity flip • LR mixing is small in CMM model • Different µ dependence BR(τ→µγ ) Jager,Nierste Eur.Phys.J.C33(256),2004 hep-ph/0312145 Jager, hep-ph/0505243 Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  28. Generation 2↔3 mixing bsγand BφKsconstraints? • bsγ • BR(bsγ)SM = (3.6±0.3) 10-4 • BR(bsγ)exp = (3.3±0.3) 10-4 • BR(BK*γ)exp = (4.01±0.20) 10-5 • BφKs • sin2φd=0.47±0.19 (BaBar+Belle) • sin2φd=0.69±0.03 (SM, ie. from BJ/ψKs) It is possible to increase Δms, given constraint: • Example:mg~500 GeV, mR3~200 GeV: • BR(bsγ) : +10% • sin2βB→φKs : ~0.4 • Δms :300 ps-1 Harnik,Larson,Murayama Phys.Rev.D69(094024),2004 hep-ph/0212180 Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  29. Sensitive to very high masses • Masses > 1TeV can be probed Bsμ+μ- Δms Dedes,Dreiner,Nierste, Phys.Rev.Lett.87(251804), 2001, hep-ph/0108037, Harnik,Larson,Murayama Phys.Rev.D69(094024),2004 hep-ph/0212180 Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  30. SU(5): The simplest GUT 15 Fermions Add reference • The simplest GUT is SU(5) • 24 gauge bosons • 8 gluons • 4 W,Z,γ • 12 bosons • 3 coloured Y (q=-1/3) • 3 coloured X (q=-4/3) • X,Y sometimes called leptoquarks or Higgs triplets • B, L violated, but B-L conserved 24 Bosons • Structure: • Fermions: 10 +5 • 5 = ( 1,2) + (3,1) • 10 = ( 1,1) + (3,1) + ( 3,2) Note: • From5 follows: qd=1/3 qe • From 10 follows: qu=-2 qd • Relation between charge and color Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  31. GUT: Proton decay… p π0 Data Proton Decay MC e+ mp=935 MeV • Super-Kamiokande limits: • τp>5. 1033 years • Corresponding to <1 kg of the earth Phys.Rev.Lett.81 (3319) 1998, hep-ex/9806014 Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  32. SO(10) 1 • SO(10)  SU(5) x U(1) • 16 = 10 +5 + 1 • Fermions: 10=[Q,uc,ec] 5 = [dc,L] 1 = νR • Multiplets like: (srR,sbR,sgR,νμL,μL) and(brR,bbR,bgR,ντL,τL) 10 • So, SO(10)… • … unifies all fermions in 1 multiplet • … breaks simply to the Standard Model • … explains bizarre charge assignments • … obtains unification (in its supersymmetric version) • … accomodates p decay bounds (due to big MGUT) • … includes the right-handed neutrino SU(5) • Question: • What does the presence of the right-handed neutrino imply, given the neutrino mixing? 5 Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  33. Neutrino mixing: SNO 8B →νe MSW oscillations: νe→νμτ Δm2=8.0 10-5 eV2, tan2θ12=0.45 Δm2=5.0 10-5 eV2, tan2θ12=0.34 SNO Coll., Q.R. Ahmad et al. Phys.Rev.Lett.89 (011302),2002, nucl-ex/0204009 SNO Coll., Q.R. Ahmad et al. Phys.Rev.Lett.89 (011302),2002, nucl-ex/0204009, nucl-ex/0502021 Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  34. EDM of the Neutron Larmor spin Precession • Standard Model: dn<10-31 e cm • A nonzero value is forbidden by P- and T-invariance • SUSY: dn<10-25 e cm Phys.Rev.Lett.82(907),1999 J.Ellis, Nucl.Instrum.Meth.A284(33),1989 Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  35. LHCbyields and background Nominal year = 1012 bb pairs produced (107 s at L=21032 cm2s1 with bb=500 b) Yields include factor 2 from CP-conjugated decays Branching ratios from PDG or SM predictions R.Forty, CKM 2005 Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  36. Literature List: GUT and B-physics GUT and B-physics • Chang,Masiero,Murayama, Phys.Rev.D67(075013), 2003, hep-ph/0205111, NEUTRINO MIXING AND LARGE CP VIOLATION IN B PHYSICS. • Harnik,Larson,Murayama,Pierce, Phys.Rev.D69(094024), 2004, hep-ph/0212180, ATMOSPHERIC NEUTRINOS CAN MAKE BEAUTY STRANGE. • Jager,Nierste, Eur.Phys.J.C33(256), 2004, hep-ph/0312145, Bs - ANTI-Bs MIXING IN AN SO(10) SUSY GUT MODEL. • Barbieri,Hall, Phys.Lett.B338(212), 1994, hep-ph/9408406, SIGNALS FOR SUPERSYMMETRIC UNIFICATION. • Blazek,Dermisek,Raby, Phys.Rev.Lett.88(111804), 2002, hep-ph/0107097 PREDICTIONS FOR HIGGS AND SUSY SPECTRA FROM SO(10) YUKAWA UNIFICATION WITH MU>0. • Ciuchini,Masiero,Silvestrini,Vempati,Vives, Phys.Rev.Lett.92(071801), 2004, hep-ph/0307191, GRAND UNIFICATION OF QUARK AND LEPTON FCNCs. • Larson,Murayama,Perez, JHEP 0507(057),2005, hep-ph/0411178, RIGHT-HANDED NEW PHYSICS REMAINS STRANGELY BEAUTIFUL. • Dermisek,Raby,Roszkowski,Ruiz, JHEP 0509(029),2005, hep-ph/0507233, DARK MATTER AND BsMU+MU- WITH MINIMAL SO(10) SOFT SUSY BREAKING II. • Jager, Proceedings Moriond, hep-ph/0505243, Bs - ANTI-Bs MIXING AND LEPTON FLAVOR VIOLATION IN SUSY SO(10). • Baek,Goto,Okada,Okumura, Phys.Rev.D63(051701),2001, hep-ph/0002141, NEUTRINO OSCILLATION, SUSY GUT AND B DECAY. • Blazek,King,Parry, Phys.Lett.B589(39), 2004, hep-ph/0308068, IMPLICATIONS OF BsMU+MU- IN SO(10) - LIKE MODELS. • Moroi, Phys.Lett.B493(366),2000, hep-ph/0007328, CP VIOLATION IN BdPHI Ks IN SUSY GUT WITH RIGHT-HANDED NEUTRINOS. Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  37. Literature List: New Physics and B physics New physics and B-physics • Ciuchini,Franco,Masiero,Silvestrini, Phys.Rev.D67(075016),2003, Err.D68(079901), 2003, hep-ph/0212397 bs TRANSITIONS: A NEW FRONTIER FOR INDIRECT SUSY SEARCHES. • Babu,Kolda, Phys.Rev.Lett.84(228),2000, hep-ph/9909476, HIGGS MEDIATED BMU+MU- IN MINIMAL SUPERSYMMETRY. • Ball et al, Phys.Rev.D69(115011), 2004, hep-ph/0311361, Bs - ANTI-Bs MIXING AND THE BsJ/PSI PHI ASYMMETRY IN SUPERSYMMETRIC MODELS. • Ali,Ball,Handoko,Hiller, Phys.Rev.D61(074024), 2000, hep-ph/9910221, A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE DECAYS B(K,K*)L+L- IN STANDARD MODEL AND SUPERSYMMETRIC THEORIES. • Hurth, Rev.Mod.Phys.75(1159), 2003, hep-ph/0212304, PRESENT STATUS OF INCLUSIVE RARE B DECAYS. • Dunietz et al, Phys.Rev.D63(114015), 2001, hep-ph/0012219, IN PURSUIT OF NEW PHYSICS WITH Bs DECAYS. • Dedes,Dreiner,Nierste, Phys.Rev.Lett.87(251804), 2001, hep-ph/0108037, CORRELATION OF BsMU+MU- AND (G-2)(MU) IN MINIMAL SUPERGRAVITY. • Dunietz,Fleischer,Nierste, Phys.Rev.D63(114015), 2001, hep-ph/0012219, IN PURSUIT OF NEW PHYSICS WITH Bs DECAYS. • Hiller,Kruger, Phys.Rev.D69:074020,2004, hep-ph/0310219, MORE MODEL INDEPENDENT ANALYSIS OF bs PROCESSES. • Nir, Nucl.Phys.Proc.Suppl.117(111),2003, hep-ph/0208080, CP VIOLATION: THE CKM MATRIX AND NEW PHYSICS. Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

  38. Literature List: Other Experimental Papers • SuperK Coll.,Phys.Rev.D71:112005,2005, hep-ex/0501064, A MEASUREMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC NEUTRINO OSCILLATION PARAMETERS BY SUPER-KAMIOKANDE I. • ARGUS Coll., Phys.Lett.B192(245), 1987, OBSERVATION OF B0 – ANTI B0 MIXING • R.Bernhard et al, hep-ex/0508058, A COMBINATION OF CDF AND D0 LIMITS ON THE BRANCHING RATIO OF Bs,dMU+MU- DECAYS. Theory Papers • Amaldi, de Boer, Furstenau Phys.Lett.B260(447), 1991, COMPARISON OF GUT WITH ELECTROWEAK AND STRONG COUPLING CONSTANTS MEASURED AT LEP. • Blazek,Dermisek,Raby, Phys.Rev.D65(115004),2002, hep-ph/0201081, YUKAWA UNIFICATION IN SO(10). • Barbieri,Hall, Phys.Lett.B338(212),1994, hep-ph/9408406, SIGNALS FOR SUPERSYMMETRIC UNIFICATION. Search for New Physics with the LHCb detector - MIAMI2005 - Niels Tuning

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