Non-Adventitious Roots

1. Non-Adventitious Roots

2. MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF YOGYAKARTA Non-Adventitious Roots • Roots arise from the original radicle. • Radicle • First structure to emerge during germination • Beginning of seedling root system

3. MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF YOGYAKARTA Adventitious Roots Formation • Arise from unexpected places: • Stems or leaves • Can develop under normal environmental conditions or in response to pathogens and wounding. • Are found among all vascular plants, and in some cases may be essential to normal growth and development. • such as corn, tomato (right top), rice (right bottom) etc. • Basis for vegetative propagation

4. MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF YOGYAKARTA Cutting ( setek ) • HOW TO MINIMIZE WATER LOSS OF CUTTINGS? • Place cuttings incool, humid area- for leafless cuttings  • Spray cuttings withantitranspirants.  antitranspirants- chemicals that decrease transpiration by forming • a film on the leaf surface or by physiologically • closing stomata.  • 3)Place cuttings in ahumidity chamber- enclosed chamber with very high • humidity.  • 4)Place cuttings under anintermittent mist system.  • Intermittent Mist SystemA propagation system that periodically (every 5 to 30 minutes) sprays • a fine mist of water on the cuttings to keep the foliage moist and • minimize water loss. 

5. MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF YOGYAKARTA Intermittent Mist System • Effective due to:a) high relative humidity  b) cooler temperature  c) allows use of higher light intensity  d) increases endogenous root promoting substances  e) may decrease disease  • Disadvantage: leaching- the loss of nutrients and • other compounds from inside leaves • and stems.  During intermittent mist propagation • up to half of some of the nutrients in • the leaf can be leached out.  • This causes the cuttings to be nutrient • deficient.  The problem can be corrected • withnutrient mist.

6. MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF YOGYAKARTA Cutting ( setek ) • HORMONES USED ON CUTTINGS 1) auxin- stimulates adventitious root formation on stem cuttings.               - IBA (most commonly used), NAA (frequently used), 2, 4-D (less used). 2) cytokinin- stimulates adventitious shoot formation on leaf or root cuttings.                     - kinetin (commonly used), benzyladenine (BA) (commonly used), zeatin (seldom used),  pyranylbenzyladenine(PBA) ( used in research). 

7. MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF YOGYAKARTA Types of Cutting • LEAF CUTTINGS -must form both adventitious shoots and  roots (except leaf bud).  a)leaf bud Leaf bud Leaf petiole b) leaf petiole c) leaf blade d) leaf section Leaf blade Leaf section

8. MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF YOGYAKARTA Types of Cutting • STEM CUTTINGS -must form adventitious roots  hardwood Semi harwood a)hardwood b) semi-hardwood  c) soft or greenwood  d) herbaceous  e) cane leafless stem  f)rhizome underground stem g)tuber underground storage stem herbaceous cane rhizome tuber

9. MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF YOGYAKARTA Cutting ( setek ) • Stage of herbaceous cutting Make the bottom cut just belowa node (a node is where the leafand/or the bud joins the stem) . Remove 1/2 to 2/3 of the leaves, starting from the bottom of the cutting. Cut large leaves in half After two or three weeks, check to see if roots have formed by working your hand under the cutting and gently lifting Remove all flowers, flower buds, and fruit

10. MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF YOGYAKARTA Cutting ( setek ) • ROOT CUTTINGS -must form adventitious shoots