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Roots

Roots. Just as important as stems and leaves…. Major Functions: 1. Serve as an anchor 2. Conduct nutrients and water 3. Store food (ex. sweet potatoes, carrots, radish, turnip, beet). Root Functions. Root Development. Primary root develops from the embryo

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Roots

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  1. Roots • Just as important as stems and leaves…. • Major Functions: • 1. Serve as an anchor • 2. Conduct nutrients and water • 3. Store food (ex. sweet potatoes, carrots, radish, turnip, beet)

  2. Root Functions

  3. Root Development • Primary root develops from the embryo • 1. If primary root becomes the main root=Taproot System

  4. Root Development • 2. If primary root stops growing early on and new roots grow from the stem, it is a Fibrous Root System

  5. Fibrous vs. Taproot

  6. Root Hairs • Grow from epidermal cells of roots • Only occur in first ¼ of root tip • Only live about 10 days • Absorb water and nutrients from soil particles

  7. Function of Root Hairs

  8. Root Hairs

  9. Specialized Roots

  10. Food Storage Roots • Most roots store some food • Some are enlarged to store starch and other carbohydrates • Examples: sweet potato, carrot, beet, radish

  11. Water Storing Roots • Produced by plants in arid regions • Can be quite large (159 lbs.!) • Examples: Manroot

  12. Manroot Grows close to ground: perennial vine Roots can be several meters long and over 100lbs.

  13. Pneumatophores • Extend above the surface of water for plants that grow in swampy areas • Helps roots exchange gases • Example: Mangrove

  14. Mangrove

  15. Aerial Roots • Roots that occur above the surface of the soil • Examples: prop roots in corn (support in high wind)

  16. Aerial Roots Continued • Adventitious roots in ivy for climbing

  17. Poison Ivy

  18. Contractile Roots • Help to pull the plant deeper into the soil • Occurs from year to year • Examples: Lily, Dandelion

  19. Parasitic Roots • Peg-like projections penetrate host’s stem • Usually in plants that do not contain chlorophyll (can’t make food) • Examples: pinedrops, dodder • (one organisms benefits, one is harmed)

  20. Pinedrops

  21. Dodder: NO Chlorophyll —Not green!

  22. Buttress Roots • Huge roots near base of trunk • Usually in trees that grow in shallow soil • Rainforest environments Example: many tropical trees

  23. Buttress Roots

  24. Buttress Roots

  25. Dicot Root Tip

  26. Cross Section of Root

  27. Modified Stems/Roots

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