The Road to Revolution

1. The Road to Revolution 1754-1775

2. Competing Empires Great Britain and France were always intense rivals. Great Britain and France both claim land in the Ohio Valley in North America.

5. French and Indian War Begins • French and British begin building forts along the disputed Ohio River Valley • 1753, Virginia (British Colony) sends 21 year old George Washington and a small body of troops to tell the French to leave the Valley. • The French ignore his warning.

6. George Washington and the Militia • George Washington was a very ambitious young man that was always working hard trying to make a name for himself. • He commanded Militia forces. Militia- is a force made up of civilians trained as soldiers but not part of the regular army.

7. French and Indian War Begins • 1754 Washington is sent back to the West and told to build a fort where the Allegheny and Monongahela meet to form the Ohio River. (modern day Pittsburgh) • Washington arrived only to find that the French already built a fort at that spot and called it Fort Duquesne.

8. French and Indian War Begins • Washington marches 50 miles south to build Fort Necessity. • Washington would be forced to surrender this by a much larger French Army

9. George Washington • Earliest portrait of Washington. • He would have been much younger than this when he was sent to the Ohio Valley.

10. Fort Duquesne The outline of this fort can still be seen in Point State Park in Pittsburgh, PA. The British would eventually capture this and rename it Fort Pitt.

12. This is modern day Pittsburgh. The fountain and wooded area is where Ft. Duquesne/ Ft. Pitt once stood.

13. Ft. Necessity Washington was forced to surrender this fort to a much larger French Army.

14. Britain at War with the French and Indians • Indians overwhelmingly supported France. For many reasons • French colonists were far fewer than the British. • French traded with the Indians, learned their language, adopted customs. (Fighting Style) • French colonists usually did not plan on settling permanently. • French did a lot less farming. British farms destroyed Indian hunting and trapping lands.

15. Albany Congress • Colonies send delegates to Albany to discuss plans for defense against the French • Ben Franklin wants the colonies to Unite to defend themselves. • British wanted to ally with the Iroquois Indians. Neither would happen.

16. Ben Franklin drew up the Albany Plan of Union.

17. Join or Die This was printed in Franklin’s Pennsylvania Gazette to illustrate the need for a Union of the Colonies.

18. Battles of the French and Indian War • Ft. Duquesne. 1755 Major British defeat. Braddock and Washington were defeated by French and Indians as they ambushed them. Braddock dies. P. 143 in text. Ft. Niagara. 1755. French defeatBritish Ft. Oswego. 1756. French capture British fort. Ft. William Henry. 1757. French capture this fort as well

22. British Turn the Tide • 1757 William Pitt became British Prime Minister. • Pitt focuses attention on the war in North America. • Pitt sends best generals to North America • Summer of 1758 British Capture Louisbourg. • Fall of 1758 British capture Ft. Duquesne and rename it Ft. Pitt.

23. British Turn Tide • After these key victories the Iroquois decide to join the British in the war. • British attack Quebec in 1759 • British captured Montreal in 1760. • France was forced to surrender in 1760. • France lost almost all North American possessions.

24. Colonists Resist Tighter Control

25. Problems for the British • Huge war debt from the French and Indian War • A war with the Native Americans breaks out on the frontier. Pontiac’s War. • Pontiac, Ottawa Indian, led a war against British settlers on the frontier.

26. This is a picture of Pontiac

27. Battle Sites from Pontiac’s War

29. Proclamation Of 1763 • King proclaims that settlers cannot move west of a line drawn through the Appalachian Mountains. • He did this because he did not want to pay to protect settlers from anymore indian attacks. • Colonists are greatly angered by this.

31. Britain believes that colonists should help pay the war debt from the French and Indian War Colonists believe that they helped Britain defeat the French and they should be rewarded not taxed They believe that Parliament should not be allowed to tax them because colonists had no representation in Parliament British Taxation Leads to Conflict

32. New British Policies increase Tension • 1764- Sugar Act- Places a small tax on sugar and molasses. Strengthens smuggling laws. Law affected few and was a very minimal or small tax. • 1765- Quartering Act- Forces colonists to pay for housing and feeding British troops that were stationed in America to enforce the unpopular Proclamation of 1763.

33. The Stamp Act 1765 • Britain forced colonists to pay a tax on paper products. Things such as Newspapers, legal documents, licenses, deeds, insurance policies, contracts, and even playing cards. Colonists were outraged. They boycotted British goods, Formed the Stamp Act Congress that petitioned the King.

34. Stamps

35. Stamp Act Repealed 1766 • Due to Colonial protests the Stamp act is repealed in 1766 • Parliament introduces the Declaratory Act. This states that parliament had total control over the colonies

36. Patrick Henry • Virginian that opposed the King’s new policy. A new member of Virginia’s House of Burgesses. Would make many speeches against the King and would eventually become one of the most noted patriots or leaders for American independence.

37. Patrick Henry “If this be treason, make the most of it” “Give me liberty or give me death” He led fight against the stamp act.

38. Townshend Act- 1767 • 1767 These Acts placed a tax on many products imported into the colonies. Lead, glass, tea, paint, and paper. • British customs officers were given Writs of Assistance. These were blank search warrants. They would allow agents the right to search without stating what they were looking for.

39. Townshend Act • Colonists felt that this was a violation of their rights. • Colonists boycotted British goods again. • The Protests worked . Parliament repealed all the taxes except the tax on tea on the morning of March 5, 1770.

40. Boston Massacre • What is a massacre? • What is propaganda? • Was what happened in Boston a Massacre?

41. Massacre • Brutal indiscriminate slaughter, especially of people. To kill brutally a defenseless or unarmed people.

42. Propaganda • Ideas that are promoted and spread in a biased form in order to influence others points of view, gain supporters, or damage an opposing group. • Propaganda shows only one side of an issue and usually preys on peoples emotions and fears.

48. Boston Massacre • What differences exist in the two photos? • What picture would show the colonists point of view and what picture would show the British point of view?

49. Reaction to Massacre • Nine of the soldiers were put on trial and only two were convicted of wrong doing. • Committees of Correspondence were formed. Their goal was to unite colonists against what they saw as unfair British policies.

50. A Dispute Over Tea 1773 • Tea Act was designed to help a large British company called The British East India Company. • Allowed the Co. to ship tea directly to the colonies. • A small tax was put on the tea. • THE PRICE OF TEA WENT DOWN DUE TO THIS ACT!!!