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The future of high energy physics at BNL

The future of high energy physics at BNL. Sam Aronson, BNL PANIC 2005, Santa Fe October 24, 2005. high energy nuclear and particle physics @ BNL. RHIC & its evolution Collider & neutrino physics Non-accelerator physics

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The future of high energy physics at BNL

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  1. The future of high energy physics at BNL Sam Aronson, BNL PANIC 2005, Santa Fe October 24, 2005 S. Aronson 10/24/05

  2. high energy nuclear and particle physics @ BNL • RHIC & its evolution • Collider & neutrino physics • Non-accelerator physics • Particle physics agenda re-engineered following the termination of RSVP S. Aronson 10/24/05

  3. The present • BNL’s current activities in nuclear and particle physics • RHIC/AGS • Heavy ion & spin physics, NASA space radiation • LEGS @ NSLS • ATLAS @ CERN • MINOS • D-Zero • Accelerator R&D – ATF and Muon Collaboration • Nuclear & High Energy Theory • RIKEN Center, Lattice gauge computing, QCDOC @ Fermilab S. Aronson 10/24/05

  4. The future • BNL’s future NPP program builds on current program + core strengths [accelerator physics, superconducting magnet R&D, instrumentation, NPP research] • RHIC II & eRHIC • ATLAS Research • International Linear Collider • Neutrino oscillations • LSST S. Aronson 10/24/05

  5. nuclear physics S. Aronson 10/24/05

  6. RHIC performance • Science: landmark discoveries, major impact • Operations: 5 years of exceeding expectations • New state of matter • Opaque to strongly interacting particles • Transparent to photons and leptons • A nearly perfect liquid of quarks and gluons (i.e., a strongly-coupled Quark-Gluon Plasma) • Appears so have its origin in a universal hadronic state called the Color Glass Condensate S. Aronson 10/24/05

  7. STAR Preliminary Latest RHIC Results • Big parton energy loss, no photon energy loss • Jet quenching: reemergence of the away side jet • Suppression and flow of heavy quarks (via electrons) • Charmonium suppression • Thermal photon production S. Aronson 10/24/05

  8. RHIC II QCDOC The future of NP at BNL:RHIC  “QCD Lab” • Discoveries at RHIC  Compelling QCD questions: • The nature of confinement • The structure of quark-gluon matter above TC • The low-x and spin structure of hadronic matter • Compelling questions  Facilityevolution • 10-fold increase in luminosity (to 40 x design) • e-cooling @ full energy • New detector capabilities • 50-fold increase in computing power (~5Tflops) applied to finite T lattice QCD • e-A and polarized e-p collisions, new detector = eRHIC S. Aronson 10/24/05

  9. RHIC – achieved parameters [best store or week] *Blue ring avg. pol. 49%, Yellow ring avg. pol. 44% RHIC accelerated polarized protons to Ebeam = 210 GeV @ 30% pol. This year L storeavg.goals (prior to e-cooling): Au-Au = 81026, p-p = 651030, @ 70% pol. S. Aronson 10/24/05

  10. Gun Z-bend merger ERL ←Compressor Stretcher→ Cooling solenoids in RHIC rings RHIC Luminosities with e-Cooling R&D ERL @ BNL Gold collisions (sNN =200 GeV): w/o e-cooling with e-cooling Emittance (95%) pmm 15  40 15  3 Beta function at IR [m] 1.0 1.0  0.5 Number of bunches 112 112 Bunch population [109] 1 1  0.3 Beam-beam parameter per IR 0.0016 0.004 Peak luminosity [1026 cm-2 s-1] 32 90 Average luminosity [1026 cm-2 s-1] 8 70 S. Aronson 10/24/05 demonstrated by JLab for IR FEL (50 MeV, 5 mA)

  11. Non-magnetized e-cooling • Handling of magnetized beams is not easy, and the system is complex and expensive • At high , achievable solenoid error limits the cooling speed of the magnetized cooling • Need 2 x 40m long, B = 5T, B/B < 10-5 • Non-magnetized e-cooling: • A study showed that sufficient cooling rates can be achieved with non-magnetized cooling • Recombination beam loss is a concern but can be made small enough to assure a long luminosity life-time • By reduced bunch charge • By larger beam size • Helical undulator can further reduce recombination* *Suggested by Derbenev, and independently by Litvinenko S. Aronson 10/24/05

  12. RHIC in the “LHC era” LHC is not a replacement for RHIC - they complement each other • Collision Energy • RHIC and LHC probe different physics, different kinematics • Dedicated, flexible facility • RHIC provides exploration vs. system size and energy, in hot and cold nuclear matter + p-p in the same detector. EBIS will expand the A-range and extend to U • At RHIC QCD is the prime objective • Unique capabilities with a future • Unique spin program aimed at some of the biggest hadron physics problems • There is a path forward leading to a polarized DIS collider facility (eRHIC) • Issues for the US in the LHC era • The US program has great momentum and excellent teams at RHIC to do the physics and train the next generation • Just beginning to reap the benefits of a massive investment • The US RHI community will also work at LHC S. Aronson 10/24/05

  13. eRHIC at BNL The compelling questions for eRHIC: • What is the nature of confinement and of hadronization in nuclei (compared to nucleons)? • What is the structure of the saturated gluon state at low x in hadrons? • What is the role of spin in DIS in nucleons and nuclei? Need a precision tool to probe these fundamental and universal aspects of QCD: eRHIC • Collide High energy & intensity polarized e (or e+) with A, p • A new detector for e-p & e-A physics Ep = 250 GeV (~50-250 GeV) EXISTS EA = 100 GeV/A (~ 10-100 GeV/A) EXISTS Ee = 10 GeV (~5-10 GeV) TO BE BUILT S. Aronson 10/24/05

  14. eRHIC design concepts Standard ring-ring design Alternative linac-ring design simpler IR design, multiple IRs possible Ee ~ 20 GeV possible higher luminosity possible more expensive S. Aronson 10/24/05

  15. RHIC priorities and challenges • e-cooling – enabling technology for the RHIC luminosity upgrade and for eRHIC • R&D getting funding from a variety of sources • New opportunities to make it cheaper and simpler • The road ahead for QCD Lab • QCD Lab is a major component of the BNL strategic plan • Convince the NP community of the science case • NSAC Long Range Plan • Establish priority relative to other future NP facilities • Construction & operation must be affordable S. Aronson 10/24/05

  16. particle physics S. Aronson 10/24/05

  17. The future of HEP @ BNLATLAS • Construction • ATLAS Detector & basic software is on track for completion to meet the CERN schedule – CD-4A 9/30/05 • ATLAS Research Program & Physics Analysis Support Center • U.S. scientists must have the capability to perform physics analysis of ATLAS data competitively • Exciting physics could emerge in the 1st year of operation SUSY search with dileptons S. Aronson 10/24/05

  18. ATLAS Research Program & Physics Analysis Support Center • Research program managed from BNL • Physics analysis support distributed between BNL, ANL, LBL • Anchored at BNL (US-ATLAS Tier I computing facility) • ATLAS physics will be the main effort in particle physics at BNL for 5-10 years S. Aronson 10/24/05

  19. International Linear Collider • Ongoing effort on accelerator R&D in the Superconducting Magnet Division • Direct wind technology  final focus system • Supported in part by BNL director’s funds • Planning on increased support from ILC R&D • Detector R&D • Traditional strengths (calorimetry, FEE, etc.) • Effort from generic detector R&D + RSVP  ILC S. Aronson 10/24/05

  20. Neutrinos • Reactor q13 experiment under consideration • Sensitivity to sin2(2q13)  0.01 crucial for the future program in neutrino oscillations • BNL chemistry group already working on Gd-LS • Physics group would be added • Currently working in MINOS, planning for long term • Added effort from RSVP groups Sketch of Daya Bay detector S. Aronson 10/24/05

  21. Very Long BaselineNeutrino Oscillations • ~ 1 MW proton driver  n super beam •  400 kTon detector in DUSEL • Beam & detector R&D proposals • Discussions with Fermilab S. Aronson 10/24/05

  22. Accelerator Test Facility • The ATF is a proposal-driven, advisory committee reviewed, USER FACILITY for long-term R&D into the Physics of Beams. • The ATF features: • High brightness electron gun (World record in beam brightness) • 75 Mev Linac • High power lasers beam-synchronized at the picosec level • 4 beam lines + controls • The ATF serves National Labs, universities, industry and international collaborations (~2 PhD / year) • In-house R&D on photoinjectors, lasers, diagnostics, ... (~3 Phys. Rev. X / year) • Support from HEP and BES. S. Aronson 10/24/05

  23. Advanced Accelerator R&D • Liquid Mercury Target Experiment at CERN • Demonstrate jet in a magnetic field and high intensity targeting • Design studies of Neutrino Factories • Since the initial study the performance has been improved by a factor of 12 and the cost reduced by a factor of 40%. • World Design Study • The main simulation tool (ICOOL) written and maintained at BNL • Develop And Demonstrate Ionization Cooling • Prototype hardware production • MICE experiment at the Rutherford lab S. Aronson 10/24/05

  24. LSST • Dark Energy & Dark Matter • “The committee supports the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) project, which has significant promise for shedding light on dark energy.”* • BNL will explore the nature of Dark Energy via weak gravitational lensing • Wide, deep, frequent, multi-band imaging of the entire visible sky  3D map of the visible sky to redshift z  1 *“Connecting Quarks with the Cosmos” S. Aronson 10/24/05

  25. LSST Project • Ground-based telescope • 8.4m diameter f/1, 8.6 field of view • NSF D&D, private funds in hand • DOE institutions propose to deliver the Camera • BNL, Harvard, Illinois, LLNL, SLAC, UCSC, others • BNL would deliver the Focal Plane Array Sensors • 3 Gigapixel CCD or CMOS array • R&D with vendors under way • First light 2012-2013 S. Aronson 10/24/05

  26. Recap: BNL plan for Nuclear and Particle Physics • RHIC complex: the QCD Laboratory • Probes: p-p, p-A, A-A, e-p and e-A • LGC with QCDOC and successors • ATLAS • US analysis support effort centered at BNL • Accelerator R&D • ILC superconducting magnet R&D and detector R&D • ATF and Muon collaboration (no time to discuss here) • Neutrinos • Reactor-based measurement of q13 • VLB oscillations  CP violation [& proton decay] • LSST – The nature of Dark Energy S. Aronson 10/24/05

  27. Summary • The future science is compelling, plays to BNL’s technical strengths and aligns with national priorities • Hurdles on all time scales • Budgets and priorities • National panels, advisory groups, task forces • QCD Lab, ATLAS are key – rest of the vision coming into focus S. Aronson 10/24/05

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