Fermilab and Planning the Future of U.S. High Energy Physics

1. Fermilab and Planning the Future of U.S. High Energy Physics Robin Staffin United States Department of Energy April 2005

2. Fermilab and High Energy Physics • The purpose of my talk is to discuss the DOE view towards the future of high energy physics in the US and Fermilab’s role in it. • Fermilab is a GREAT LABORATORY, that has played a central and critical role in US particle physics. • The laboratory is approximately 40% of the National DOE HEP budget. This is up almost 5% from the late-90s.

3. Fermilab and High Energy Physics(cont’d) • But I’m here to talk about the future. • Simply put, Fermilab will play a central and critical role for US particle physics – both here and abroad. • We know that budgets have been very stressful – in carrying out our existing programs with the universities, and planning for our future. • But we’re in this together, as partners. I need your help in making a successful US program and a successful Fermilab for our future. The two are inextricably linked.

4. What this requires • A clear and compelling message from the laboratory community • What science should we pursue and why it’s the most exciting thing in the universe • What tools are necessary to advance this great adventure • NOT an alphabet soup of facilities • NOT a facility in every pot • NEED a simple unifying science case. • The tools (facilities) should follow from the science • While intensive discussion is good – even necessary – in determining the best scientific program, incessant bickering can be damaging to our health. • Don’t kid yourselves. The outside world hears about the bickering.

6. The DOE HEP program in FY 2006 • Overall HEP budget and priorities in FY 2006: • Tevatron and B-factory will be fully supported • LHC preparations will be fully supported • Core research program at the universities and laboratories will be maintained • Investment for near and long term new initiatives (including neutrinos and ILC R&D) will be increased • Any new initiatives will have to come from re-direction

7. DOE Office of ScienceFY 2006 Congressional Budget Request • FY 2006 Request is 3.9% below FY 2005 Appropriation • The budget forces us to make tough choices. • No new starts in FY 2006 • Prioritizing ongoing programs ($M)

8. Office of Science Planning Profile 3.60 3.46 3.39 3.39 3.39 3.34 $127M (~3.7%) decrease over 5 years

9. The World HEP Program Over the next decade the world program will become increasingly focused on • The Energy Frontier • Discover and then explore a world of TeV scale new physics • Tevatron  LHC  ILC • The “other 95% of the universe” • Dark matter • direct detection; production at accelerators? • Dark energy • how to learn more? • Neutrinos • Neutrinos are different: what is this telling us? • Masses – do not come from Higgs? • Majorana nature – neutrino-antineutrino mixing? • CP violation – origin of matter?

10. Intermediate scale projects • The current U.S. accelerator-based program is world-leading, but finite in lifetime • PEP-II and the Tevatron will ramp down toward the end of the decade; miniBooNE, MINOS also • The Linear Collider is DOE’s highest priority for a future major facility • but timescale is uncertain and cannot be done without either an increase in resources or a reduction in cost • LHC participation will be a central piece of the U.S. program Hence DOE has started planning for a portfolio of medium scale, medium term experiments to be launched in the period 2007-10 • Scientific opportunities are compelling • neutrino physics (APS study); dark matter, dark energy… • Resources will become available, through redirection

11. BTeV opportunity Very Approximate! Opportunities

12. www.aps.org/neutrino/

13. APS neutrino study recommended Now Next decade Upgrade beamline And/Or New detector(s) And/Or Muon storage ring as neutrino factory New Reactor experiment Measure 13 Decision pointhow big is 13? New Accelerator experiment “off axis” Measure 13 and mass pattern CP violation? New Double beta decayexperiment Probe mass and Majorana nature

14. New Initiatives • In order to inform the Department of our intent to pursue several new scientific topics, we plan to prepare draft requests for approval of “CD-0” (Statement of Mission Need), including • A generic reactor-based neutrino experiment to measure 13 • A generic off-axis accelerator-based neutrino experiment for 13 and to resolve the neutrino mass hierarchy • A generic high intensity neutrino beam facility for neutrino CP-violation experiments • A generic neutrinoless double-beta decay experiment to probe the Majorana nature of neutrinos • A generic underground experiment to search for direct evidence of dark matter • A generic ground-based dark energy experiment • In order to be ready to move forward expeditiously, this will be done in parallel with an advisory process selecting the best options

15. Other agencies Other panels future Other SAG’s NUSAG, P5, HEPAP … DOE-NP NSF DOE-HEP EPP 2010 HEPAP NSAC Tactics  Strategy Agencies P5 NuSAG

16. ILC and 21st century physics • Have we really discovered the Higgs • Is it a scalar particle? • Does it couple to mass? • Have we really discovered supersymmetry? • Same coupling, different spin? • Have we really discovered dark matter? • Does it have the right properties?

17. Conclusion:Three big goals for us all • Make ongoing program (Tevatron, NuMI/MINOS, LHC etc) a success • Develop and make real a coherent program of experiments in dark matter, dark energy and neutrinos • Redirection will allow some significant investments • Fermilab infrastructure is a good basis for a phased, extensible accelerator based neutrino program with international involvement • Synergies with linear collider work • Capture the momentum of LHC discoveries and then use it to build a broad consensus to launch the ILC

18. What next for Fermilab? • We look forward to working with Fermilab to develop a strong future for the laboratory as well as for the overall high energy physics program. • The laboratory’s own Long Range Plan laid out a broad and exciting program for the next decade, centered on the International Linear Collider, significant new initiatives in neutrino physics, the LHC physics center, and particle astrophysics and underground experiments. • We are committed to maintaining Fermilab as one of the world’s leading scientific facilities.