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V.RAMAKRISHNA MEMBER (POWER SYSTEMS) CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY

GROWTH OF POWER SYSTEM IN THE COUNTRY AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVE. by. V.RAMAKRISHNA MEMBER (POWER SYSTEMS) CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY. 28 th APRIL, 2008. Installed Generating Capacity in the Country (31 st March, 2008). INSTALLED CAPACITY : FUEL WISE. Total – 1,43,061 MW.

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V.RAMAKRISHNA MEMBER (POWER SYSTEMS) CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY

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  1. GROWTH OF POWER SYSTEM IN THE COUNTRY AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVE by V.RAMAKRISHNA MEMBER (POWER SYSTEMS) CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY 28th APRIL, 2008

  2. Installed Generating Capacity in the Country (31st March, 2008) INSTALLED CAPACITY : FUEL WISE Total – 1,43,061 MW

  3. Installed Generating Capacity in the Country (31st March, 2008) INSTALLED CAPACITY : SECTOR WISE Total – 1,43,061 MW

  4. Sectoral Performance over Five Year Plan Periods GENERATING CAPACITY (all figures in MW) Fresh Capacity addition during Plan period PLAN PERIOD Cumulative installed capacity at the end of Plan 2,886 4,653 9,027 16,664 26,680 42,585 63,636 85,795 1,05,046 1,32,329

  5. Generation Performance Generation during last year of the Plan period (in BU) PLAN PERIOD PLF (in %) during last year of Plan period : Central SectorState Sector Private Sector Overall Supply shortages: (as % of demand during last year of resp. Plan period) Energy Shortage (%) Peak Deficit (%) 61.9 62.2 71.1 74.3 84.8 49.2 53.0 60.3 67.0 70.6 57.5 69.5 71.2 74.7 86.3 52.4 56.5 64.4 69.9 76.8 6.7 7.9 11.5 7.5 9.9 11.7 16.7 18.0 11.8 13.5

  6. Growth Pattern Per Capita Consumption of Electricity in India (Projected) As per UN Methodology (Gross Electrical Energy Availability / Population)

  7. Demand and Capacity Requirement –Plan-wise up to Year 2032 (as per IEP Report corresponding to 8% GDP growth)

  8. Action Plan for 11th Plan Period • Sustain annual growth rate of over 8% • Power supply • • Quality • • Reliability • Power availability • • Access • • Affordability • Commercial viability • • Operating systems & procedures • • Loss reduction Objectives - Generation - Transmission - Distribution - Rural Electrification Major Action Areas

  9. Demand and Capacity Requirement for 11th Plan(as per 17th EPS Report)

  10. Generation CAPACITY ADDITION PROPOSED FOR 11th PLAN : FUEL WISE Total 78,778 MW Additional capacity expected : Renewables – 13,500 MW : Captive – 12,000 MW

  11. Generation CAPACITY ADDITION PROPOSED FOR 12th PLAN : FUEL WISE Total 82,200 MW

  12. Generation (Contd..) STATUS OF CAPACITY ADDITION LIKELY DURING 11th PLAN (as on 31.03.08) (all figures in MW) * Additional capacity expected : Renewables (13,500 MW), Captive (12,000MW)

  13. Generation (Contd..) YEAR WISE CAPACITY ADDITION TARGETS DURING 11th PLAN (MW)

  14. Transmission System Development • EMERGING SCENARIO • ULTRA MEGA POWER PROJECTS • TECHNOLOGY DELOPMENT/SOLUTIONS • OPEN ACCESS AND POWER TRADING • CHALLENGES IN POWER SYSTEM PLANNING • TRANSMISSION TARIFF ISSUES

  15. CHRONOLOGY PRIOR TO 1948 • Isolated Systems around Urban and Industrial Areas ELECTRICITY (SUPPLY) ACT,1948. • Coordinated Development - creation of CEA. • Extending Electricity to Semi-urban and Rural areas. • State Grid Systems - SEBs.

  16. Growth of Power System • Development of State Grid Systems during 50s and 60s • Regional Grids Concept: 1964 Consolidation 70s, 80s • Towards National Grid Focus: 1998 • Programme 1998 – 2012 • Electricity Act 2003: Open access in transmission

  17. Development Objective • Regional systems • Region specific objectives • Power evacuation and supply to area load centers • Reliability and open access margins • National system • Harnessing ER/NER resources on all India basis • Phased development of cross-regional transmission system • Long term perspective to address ROW and Chicken Neck • Regional wise export/ import objectives • Reliability and open access margins

  18. ADEQUACY • THE ABILITY OF THE ELECTRIC SYSTEMS TO SUPPLY ELECTRICAL DEMAND ENERGY REQUIREMENTS AT ALL TIMES, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT SCHEDULED AND REASONABLY EXPECTED UNSCHEDULED OUTAGES OF SYSTEM ELEMENTS. • SECURITY • THE ABILITY OF THE ELECTRIC SYSTEMS TO WITHSTAND SUDDEN DISTURBANCES SUCH AS ELECTRIC SHORT CIRCUITS OR UNANTICIPATED LOSS OF SYSTEM ELEMENTS.

  19. Transmission Planning Objectives • Adequate and reliable system to meet the transmission needs. • Reliable dispersal of power to each area. • Fit into long-term plan and amenable for phased development.

  20. Transmission Planning Objectives cont.. • De-licensing of generation is likely to result in influencing pattern of power flows requiring frequent reassessment of adequacies/inadequacies in the transmission network and necessary system strengthening from time to time. • There is also risk of stranded assets in transmission on account of variation in generation growth with respect to that based on which transmission network was developed.

  21. Transmission Planning Objectives cont…. • Obtaining right of way for new transmission lines has become increasingly difficult. Therefore, there is a need to optimize the power transmission corridors. Use of extra/ultra high voltage and high capacity lines, multi circuit lines and increasing transmission capability of existing lines through use of re-conductoring using Aluminum – alloy conductors or series compensation and flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) devices where optimal, are the possible solutions.

  22. REGIONAL GRIDS • Establishment of Regional Electricity Boards • Development of Inter-state lines through Centrally Sponsored Schemes/ Common generation projects • Regional Grid through Central Sector Transmission

  23. DEVELOPMENT OF INDIAN POWER SYSTEM CONCEPT TILL 2002 • Generation & transmission development on Regional self sufficiency. • Inter-regional lines for limited exchange of operational surpluses through asynchronous links. • Exchange in radial mode between ER - NR, WR - SR & ER - NR. • Surplus available not being fully utilized in other deficit regions as previous plans were not for bulk inter-regional transfer.

  24. DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY PERSPECTIVE • SUBSTANTIAL SAVINGS POSSIBLE WITH POWER DEVELOPMENT PLANNED ON COUNTRYWISE BASIS AND THE SYSTEM OPERATED ACCORDINGLY • SAVINGS ON ACCOUNT OF: • DEMAND DIVERSITIES • RESERVE SHARING • OPTIMAL LOCATION OF GENERATION • ENHANCED UTILISATION OF OPERATIONAL SURPLUSSES AND MERIT ORDER GENERATION ON A WIDER SCALE. • TO ACHIEVE THE ABOVE A NATIONAL GRID IS REQUIRED TO BE DEVELOPED

  25. SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSMISSION SYSTEM • MUST BE ADEQUATE AND RELIABLE TO MEET EVACUATION REQUIREMENT FOR EACH STATION SEPERATELY. • MUST PROVIDE RELIABLE DISPERSAL TO DISTRIBUTION NETWORK OF EACH AREA. • SHOULD FIT WELL INTO LONG TERM SYSTEM NEEDS • AMENABLE FOR STAGED DEVELOPMENT • OPTIMALLY UTILISE TRANSMISSION CORRIDORS • PLANNED TO MEET EXTREME CREDIBLE CONTINGENCIES In case of inter regional lines this would mean increased surplus in normally surplus regions and simultaneously increased deficit in normally deficit region.

  26. Transmission Planning Criteria -- Dispatch schedules for planning studies • Regional approach • Peak demand, maximum hydro and off peak conditions • Maximum generation in a complex for evacuation system • National approach • Extreme dispatch scenario by maximizing surplus in surplus region and deficit in deficit region • Combinations of surplus and deficit scenarios for different regions

  27. Security Criteria • Trade-off of investments and risks • System should return to normal conditions after a single line to ground fault on a transmission line removed after 100ms

  28. The Landmark Events • 1990 Generation of Electricity opened for Private Sector • 1998 Electricity Regulatory Commission Act • 1998 765kV transmission line (initially charged at 400kV) • 2002 Synchronous inter-connection of ER and NER • 2002 Concept of Development of All India National Power Grid

  29. The Landmark Events • 2003 Electricity Act 2003 – Open access in Transmission • 2003 Synchronization of WR with ER-NER system • 2003 Inter-regional HVDC transmission system • 2005-06 National Electricity Plan • 2006 Synchronization of NR with ER-NER-WR • 2007 765kV transmission line at 765kV operation

  30. RELIABILITY ISSUES AND GRID OPERATION • Planning Criteria : Transmission matching with generation Transmission capacity based on Regional Export/import Evacuation schemes and System strengthening schemes ‘N-1’ contingency for mesh/loop system ‘N-2’ for large generation complex – >3000MW ‘N-2’ for large cities of above 2000MW load ‘N-1’ with no load shedding and no rescheduling ‘N-2’ could be with rescheduling but no load shedding

  31. Planning Criteria • Transmission capacity for transfer of full surplus in surplus region and to meet the deficit in deficit region considered in evolving National Grid. • The adequacy of the transmission system tested for different load generation scenarios corresponding to one or more of the following so as to test the scenario of maximum burden on the transmission system . • Summer Peak Load; • Summer Off-Peak Load; • Winter Peak Load; • Winter Off-Peak Load; • Monsoon Peak Load; • Monsoon Off-Peak Load.

  32. Winter Off Peak Winter Peak Regions Availability Demand Deficit/ Surplus Availability Demand Deficit/ Surplus Northern 25098 31878 -6780 34770 45540 -10770 Western 44693 37219 7474 48544 53170 -4626 Southern 28802 26103 2699 34168 35426 -1258 Eastern 30035 11788 18247 32521 16840 15681 North-Eastern 2227 1862 365 3869 2660 1209 Total 130854 108850 22004 153871 153636 +235 XI Plan Transmission PlanInter-regional Transmission Requirement

  33. Monsoon Off Peak Monsoon Peak Regions Availability Demand Deficit/ Surplus Availability Demand Deficit/ Surplus Northern 41435 31878 9557 43853 40986 2867 Western 44517 37219 7298 46228 47853 -1625 Southern 32070 26103 5967 34455 33561 894 Eastern 29755 11788 17967 30998 15156 15842 North-Eastern 5397 1862 3535 5807 2394 3413 Total 153173 108850 44323 161341 139950 21391 XI Plan Transmission PlanInter-regional Transmission Requirement

  34. Summer Off Peak Summer Peak Regions Availability Demand Deficit/ Surplus Availability Demand Deficit/Surplus Northern 36631 40986 -4355 40258 45540 -5282 Western 44486 37219 7267 47053 53170 -6117 Southern 30702 26103 4599 34279 37290 -3011 Eastern 29472 11788 17684 31336 16840 14496 North-Eastern 4279 1862 2417 5100 2660 2440 Total 145570 117958 27612 158026 155500 2526 XI Plan Transmission PlanInter-regional Transmission Requirement

  35. Maximum Inter-Regional Transmission Requirement – 2011-12

  36. Inter-Regional transmission planned (2011-12) plus 7600 MW NR-WR and 2700 MW WR-SR Plus 3000 MW of ER-NR with Siliguri terminal of 800kV HVDC

  37. Growth in Transmission System 1950 71 81 85 90 92 97 2002 2008

  38. Transmission TARGET FOR THE 11th PLAN PERIOD • Sector wise overall targets for addition during the Plan period : • Centre (Powergrid) 30,600 ckm / 92,000 MVA/ MW • State 45,000 ckm / 82,000 MVA/ MW • Private (including JV) 19,000 ckm / 8,000 MVA/ MW • 94,600 ckm / 1,82,000 MVA/ MW

  39. Inter-regional Transmission Requirement 2014-15 Winter Peak X Plan=130 GW, XI Plan +78 GW, XII Plan +82 GW XII Plan End =290 GW. More Generation through LTOA

  40. Inter-regional Transmission Requirement 2014-15 Summer Peak

  41. Inter-regional Transmission Requirement 2014-15 Monsoon Peak

  42. Maximum Inter-Regional Transmission Requirement (2014-15)

  43. plus 7180 MW NR WR and 6880 MW WR SR Inter-Regional Transmission Capacity Planned (2014-15) 3000 MW of ER-NR with Siliguri terminal of 800kV HVDC

  44. Transmission (Contd.. )NATIONAL GRID – INTER-REGIONAL TRANSMISSION CAPACITY Cumulative Capacity at end of period (MW) • 22,800 MW to be added during the XIth Plan period. • • Additional inter-regional capacity of 21,800 MW to be added during 2012-15 (first three years of the XIIth Plan)

  45. ULTRA MEGA POWER PROJECTS -- ISSUES • LOAs FOR 3 NOS. UMPPs ISSUED. ONE MORE PROJECT BEING PROCESSED • DURING XI PLAN PERIOD ANOTHER 5 MORE UMP PROJECTS ARE PROPOSED TO BE TAKEN UP • ALLOCATION OF POWER FROM EACH UMPP TO MORE THAN ONE REGION • ALL THE STATES IN A REGION HAVE NOT BEEN ALLOCATED POWER

  46. ULTRA MEGA POWER PROJECTS -- ISSUES • ISSUES REGARDING POOLING OF UMPP ATS WITH EXISTING REGIONAL POOL • SHARING OF TRANSMISSION CHARGES OF UMPP ATS • TO RESOLVE THIS CEA HAS PROPOSED THE FOLLOWING SOLUTION (a) IDENTIFY TRANSMISSION LINES EXCLUSIVELY REQUIRED FOR EVACUATION OF UMPP POWER (b) IDETIFY TRANSMISSION REQUIREMENT FOR STRENTHENING OF REGIONAL GRID (a) TO BE SHARED BY PROJECT BENIFICIARIES AND (b) TO BE POOLED WITH REGIONAL TRANSMISSION AND SHARED BY CONSTITUENTS

  47. Regional and State Sector Transmission System • Inter-regional and Intra-regional( inter-state )system Planned by CEA • Implementation by PGCIL and also by the Private Sector • Matching transmission system at 220kV, 132 kV, 66kV, 33kV and Distribution system in urban as well as rural areas required to planned and implemented by the States to ensure reach planned of electricity up to the final destination catering to the end consumers in the country.

  48. SYSTEM PROTECTION • Power systems operating in synchronism to be provided with defense measures such as - islanding schemes and automatic load shedding and special protection schemes (Talcher- Kolar HVDC Scheme) • Reliable protection so that grid incidents do not cause cascade tripping • Operational measures to ensure reliability at all times • Best practices to maintain high level of system availability

  49. TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS • Multi Circuit Lines • High Capacity Lines Multi conductors High temp designs Alloy Conductors High SIL lines • Higher Voltages 765kV /1200kV AC 600kV / 800kV HVDC • Compact substations GIS • Increasing transmission density FACTS/ SVC • Compressing construction period Satellite Imagery Standard Designs Modern construction techniques

  50. TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT • High Capacity 6000 MW + 800kV HVDC System • 765kV /1200kV AC Transmission System • Upgradation / Up-rating of Transmission Lines • Application of Series Compensation • Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) • High Temperature Endurance Conductor • High Surge Impedance Loading Lines (HSIL) • Airborne Laser terrain Mapping (ALTM) for detailed route survey • Conditional Monitoring Equipments • Preventive Maintenance of Transformers using State-of-art online equipments • Test Facilities for 1200kV AC

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