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The Role of Prepositions in French Binominal Compounds

The Role of Prepositions in French Binominal Compounds. Cecilia Hemming School of Humanities and Informatics, University College of Skövde Graduate School of Language Technology, Göteborg Barbara Gawronska School of Humanities and Informatics, University College of Skövde.

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The Role of Prepositions in French Binominal Compounds

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  1. The Role of Prepositions in French Binominal Compounds Cecilia Hemming School of Humanities and Informatics, University College of Skövde Graduate School of Language Technology, Göteborg Barbara Gawronska School of Humanities and Informatics, University College of Skövde

  2. Problems with translation of compounds From a Swedish n-n compound to a French equivalent: • chose among translation candidates • which French preposition to use ? oljekanal canalisation àhuile [oil+duct] [duct prep. oil] bränsleledning conduite de carburant [fuel+pipe][pipe prep. fuel] SweCla Umeå - 2006

  3. Language specific production patterns • Swedish:binominal compound noun+noun (modifier+head) • oljekanal [oil+duct], bränsleledning [fuel+pipe] • French:post-modified prepositional compound noun preposition noun(head + prep + modifier) • canalisation à huile [duct prep. oil] • conduite de carburant [pipe prep. fuel] SweCla Umeå - 2006

  4. Semantic connection between the head and the modifier • French: explicitly hinted at by the preposition • conteneur de/en verre [glass container] (made-of) • conteneur àverre (for) (cf. Bassac & Bouillon, 2001: verre de vin ”glass of wine” [glass of wine].verre à vin ”glass for wine” [wine glass]) • Swedish: underspecified • glasbehållare [glass container] (made of/containing glass) SweCla Umeå - 2006

  5. A previous study • 4000 technical terms in Swedish-French parallel corpus + Web search • deoutperforms other prepositions in technical terms • very few occurrences of terms with container-conductor concept [channel, tap, aperture…] formed with à • Exception: terms formed with the preposition à and modifiers expressing unbound masses e.g. eau [water] or air [air] SweCla Umeå - 2006

  6. Current investigation: Material: • medical texts from Cismef (http://www.chu-rouen.fr/cismef/cismef.html;a French variant of MeSH® (Medical Subject Headings) the controlled vocabulary thesaurus of the NLM (U.S. National Library of Medicine) • Anatomieelectronic files, Boutillier, B. version 1999 • Scania’95, Scania Manuals version 1995 Investigated prepositions: á, de, en, par, pour, sur SweCla Umeå - 2006

  7. Classification: Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) Semantic Relations Hierarchy Associated_with physically_ spatially_ functionally_ temporally_ conceptually_ related_to related_to related_to related_to related_to part_of location_of affects co-occurs_with evaluation_of consists_of adjacent_to brings_about precedes method_of contains surrounds performs conceptual_part_of connected_to traverses occurs_in issue_in interconnects uses degree_of branch_of manifestation_of analyzes tributary_of indicates measurement_of result_of measures diagnoses property_of derivated_of developmental._form_of SweCla Umeå - 2006

  8. “de” in medical and technical texts Cismef • <spatially_related_to> • <functionally_related_to> • <body_part/symptom_proper_name> • <conceptually_related_to> • <physically_related_to> Scania • <functionally_related_to> • <physically_related_to> • <conceptually_related_to> SweCla Umeå - 2006

  9. “de” in medical texts (Cismef) concept% <location_of><has_location> 37 carcinome canalaire du sein <body_part/symptom_proper_name> 20 cellules de Sertoli <affects><affected_by> 14 syndromes de compression du nerf ulnaire <occurs_in> 6 syndromes d'apnées du sommeil <part_of> 5 SweCla Umeå - 2006

  10. Patterns found in medical texts, not present in technical texts • Body part + de + Proper Name • Trompe d‘Eustache[Eustachian tube] • Cellules de Langerhans [Langerhans’ cells] • Glandes de Cowper [Bulbourethral glands] • Gaine de Schwann [Neurilemma] • Corps de Lewy [Lewy bodies] • Event (symptom) + de + Proper Name • Sarcome d‘Ewing[Ewing’s sarcoma] • Gangrène de Fournier[Fournier gangrene] • Fièvre de Lassa[Lassa fever] • Fracture de Pouteau-Colles[Colle’s fracture] • Maladie de Basedow[Graves’ disease] SweCla Umeå - 2006

  11. “à” in medical and technical texts Cismef • <functionally_related_to> • <physically_related_to> • <conceptually_related_to> Scania • <functionally_related_to> • <physically_related_to> • <conceptually_related_to> • <spatially_related_to> SweCla Umeå - 2006

  12. “à” in medical texts (Cismef) concept% <brings_about><brought_about_by> 67 glomérulonéphrite à dépôts d'IgA <affects><affected_by> 11 soins aux mourants <has_property> 7 adénocarcinome à cellules claires <has_location> 5 <consists_of> 4 SweCla Umeå - 2006

  13. “en” in medical and technical texts • <physically_related_to> • <conceptually_related_to> Cismef • <degree_of> (51,5%) • <method_of><has_method> (26,5%) • other (<conceptual_part_of>, <co-occurs_with>, <brings_about>, <has_location>, <has_result>, <evaluation_of>, <occurs_in>, <performs>) Scania • <consists_of> (55,5%) • <conceptual_part_of> (14%) • <method_of><has_method> (11%) • <measurement_of> • other (<caused_by>, <has_location>, <occurs_in>, <result_of>) SweCla Umeå - 2006

  14. “par” in medical and technical texts • <functionally_related_to> • <conceptually_related_to> Cismef Scania SweCla Umeå - 2006

  15. “pour” in medical and technical texts • <functionally_related_to> • <conceptually_related_to> Cismef Scania SweCla Umeå - 2006

  16. “sur” in medical and technical texts • <functionally_related_to> • <spatially_related_to> • <conceptually_related_to> Cismef Scania SweCla Umeå - 2006

  17. SweCla Umeå - 2006

  18. SweCla Umeå - 2006

  19. Results: <measurement_of> • de • for definite quantities with clear limits • limite, distance, épaisseur, niveau • diamètre de garniture • distance de freinage • à • for quantities with inherent movement • jeu, départ, résistance • jeu aux culbuteurs • départ à froid SweCla Umeå - 2006

  20. Results: <has_part – part_of> • noun denoun • expresses “part -> whole” –relationship Cadre du chassis [chassis frame], Came de frein [braking axle], Col de la vessie [bladder neck], Osselets de l’oreille [ear ossicles] • noun ànoun • expresses “whole -> part” –relationship Ressort à lame [PLATE SPRING], Roue à rayon [spoke wheel], unfrequent in Cismef SweCla Umeå - 2006

  21. Results: <has_conceptual_part – conceptual_part_of> • noun denoun • expresses “part -> whole” –relationship Classe de châssis [chassis class], Croquis coté du châssis [lateral view of chassis], Image du corps [body image], Type de centrifuge [centrifuge type] • expresses “part -> type” –relationship Tandem de catégorie H [class H bogie], Diabète de type 1 [type 1 diabetes] , Glycogénose de type V • noun ànoun • expresses “whole -> part” –relationship Douille à baïonnette [bajonett socket], Tandem à balancier [balance bogie],Protéine à domaine T-box [T-box domain proteins] SweCla Umeå - 2006

  22. Results: en • en in technical texts • expresses mainly physical –relationships most frequently consists_of-relations Pièce en plastique [plastic part], Tuyau en acier [Steel pipe] • en in medical texts • expresses mainly conceptual –relationships Carence en fer [iron deficiency], Réaction en chaîne [chain reaction] SweCla Umeå - 2006

  23. Results: par and pour • par in both medical and technical texts • expresses mainly functional and conceptual relationships <brought_about_by> Chauffage par eau,Plaies par armes à feu <has_method> Nettoyage par soufflage, Traitement par acupuncture • pour in both medical and technical texts • expresses mainly functional relationships <brings_about> towards specific goal Clé pour filtre, Programmes d’éducation pour la santé SweCla Umeå - 2006

  24. Results: spatial relations • unfrequent or nonexistent for most prepositionsexcept for de and sur Charge sur essieu [axle pressure], Abcès du foie [liver abscess] SweCla Umeå - 2006

  25. Anatomic texts SweCla Umeå - 2006

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