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Nutrition Expedition . Introduction in Nutrition Expedition.
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Introduction in Nutrition Expedition As we proceed in our next lesson, we will learn about 3 major biological molecules, aka macromolecules. These macromolecules are Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins. I know that some of us already know these words and what they meant but as we go far in these lesson we will know some things that we haven’t learn in our past 16 years in school.
Carbohydrates Dehydration synthesis • It means to take water out. When it comes up with dehydration synthesis an H from one carbohydrate and an OH from another are taken out. They form water. • Hydrolysis • It is simple the reverse of dehydration synthesis. You add water to a molecule to break it down. • Their function is they supply energy and serve as storage form of energy. • Glucose is a good examples of Monosaccharide which is basically a monomers. Its undergoes dehydration synthesis to become the double sugar. • Polysaccharides differ from one another by the way the monosaccharide's are bonded together. • Polysaccharides contains many sugar one of these are Glycogen, cellulose and starch. • The types of bonding within each of the molecules will be the example of Disaccharide. Disaccharides undergoes dehydration synthesis to become a double sugar.
Lipids • Lipids will not mix freely with polar solvents like water, however when it comes to dehydration synthesis, neutral fat are produced with one or more fatty acids with glycerol an alcohol which results the monoglyceride bond. • During hydrolysis the bonds are broken between monomers with the addition of water ( and in the presence of enzymes) • It importance in the living organisms are the following: • The lipid membrane allows for fluid movement and transport of vital molecules in and out of cells. • Lipids form the base from which hormones are built. It absorbs vitamins and some of the organisms used lipids to protect them. • The monomer molecules of lipid is the Monoglyceride which has one fatty acid combined with glycerol. • The polymer molecule of lipids is the Triglyceride which has 3 fatty acid compared to the monoglyceride and diglyceride • Diglyceride has 2 fatty acid combined with glycerol only.
Proteins • Dehydration synthesis uses energy which is stored In the bond that is made and takes place with the help of special molecules called enzyme. • During hydrolysis the bonds are broken between monomers with the addition of water (and in the presence of enzymes). • The function of proteins in the living organisms are they they aid in building body tissues like muscle, Some proteins called enzymes help break down certain foods, make and help antibodies, transport messages from hormones, provide structural support, transport certain body cells. • The monomer molecules of proteins is I think the amino acids. Even though there is 20 different amino acids, its just contain with 1 bond and cannot be distinguished a dipeptide and tripeptide. • Proteins are polymers of unit molecules called amino acids , as what says in the book but I think tripeptide can also be called a polymer because it has 2 peptide bonds and hold 3 amino acids compared to dipeptide and amino acids. • Tripeptide can be the types of bonding of the molecules because it has primary structure which represents the sequence of amino acids. • Secondary structure is the alpha helix resulting from bond angles when the amino acids put together. • Tertiary structure is a 3 dimensional shape and quarternary structure is where the hemoglobin located.
