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The 3 box model of memory. System to remembering . objectives. Analyze the 3 boxes of memory Summarize how we use short term memory, and the parts of the brain associated with memory Describe the different contents of L.T.M. . Core Concept.
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The 3 box model of memory System to remembering
objectives • Analyze the 3 boxes of memory • Summarize how we use short term memory, and the parts of the brain associated with memory • Describe the different contents of L.T.M.
Core Concept • Each of the 3 memory stages encodes and stores memory in a different way, but they work together to transform sensory experience into lasting record that has a pattern of meaning • Capacity- How much • Duration- How long • Structure, function, biological basis
chapter 8 Three-box model of memory
Want to process this lecture? 3 stages • Like an assembly line • Sensory Memory • Working Memory • Long-term Memory • Pioneered by Richard Atkinson, Richard Shiffrin
chapter 8 Sensory memory A memory system that momentarily preserves extremely accurate images of sensory information Pattern recognition The identification of a stimulus on the basis of information already contained in long-term memory Information that is not quickly passed to short-term memory is gone forever.
Sensory Memory • Most fleeting of the 3 • Involves lights, sounds, smells, textures • Sparkler on 4th, listen to music • Maintain long enough to go into working memory • Vision and hearing for graphic organizers
chapter 8 Short-term memory A limited capacity memory system involved in the retention of information for brief periods Also used to hold information retrieved from long-term memory for temporary use Working memory A memory system which includes STM and mental processes that control retrieval of information from LT memory and interpret that information appropriately for a given task Chunk Meaningful unit of information which may be composed of smaller units
Working Memory • Takes info. Selected from sensory registers and connects it with items already in long term storage • Built for a few seconds to 30, temporarily holds items. Such as a phone number • New info + long term memory= mental scratch pad • For example contains numbers and instructions for doing necessary operations and intermediate results from each step
Methods for improving S.T.M. • Maintain rehearsal- going over (like for the spring play) • Chunking- 5-9 units, like phone number
chapter 8 Long-term memory The memory system involved in the long-term storage of information One way information is organized is in semantic categories (e.g., animals).
Capacity and Duration of Long-Term Memory • Unlimited storage • Experiences, events, information, emotions, skills, words, categories, rules, Everything from STM • Total knowledge of world and self • Can store memory for a lifetime • Undisputed champion of memory
chapter 8 Conceptual grid
chapter 8 Types of long-term memories
chapter 8 Contents of long-term memory Procedural memories Memories for performance of actions or skills “Knowing how” Declarative memories Memories of facts, rules, concepts, and events; includes semantic and episodic memory “Knowing that”
Squire’s types of L.T.M. • Procedural Memory- Mental directions or procedures • “how to” ride a bike, tie a shoe • In acquisition conscious of details • Then skill occurs beyond awareness
2ndpart Squire’s types of L.T.M. • Declarative memory- Stores specific information. • Facts, events. • Directions to a specific location, lat. long. • Requires some conscious thought
chapter 8 Contents of long-term memory Semantic memories General knowledge, including facts, rules, concepts, and propositions Episodic memories Personally experienced events and the contexts in which they occurred
Tulving’s types of LTM • Semantic memory- Stores basic meanings of words and concepts • No info about time and place • Meaning of word ‘cat’ • Encyclopedia or data base • Faces, names, religious beliefs, music manners
Tulving’s LTM • Episodic memory- D.M. that stores personal experiences, events, episodes • Has temporal coding or ‘ time tags’ • When, Where, Context of memory • Thus E.M. is autobiographical memory
chapter 8 Your turn What kind of memory is your memory for the fact that the earth is round? 1. Procedural memory 2. Semantic memory 3. Episodic memory 4. Flashbulb memory
chapter 8 Your turn What kind of memory is your memory for the fact that the earth is round? 1. Procedural memory 2. Semantic memory 3. Episodic memory 4. Flashbulb memory
chapter 8 Serial-position effect The tendency for recall of first and last items on a list to surpass recall of items in the middle of the list
Summary • 3 boxes of memory