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Explaining Crime

Explaining Crime. Criminologists are still puzzled. Deterrence theory. Often called classical criminology People have free will Crime is attractive If the punishment outweighs the crime, crime is deterred. Deterrence theory. General deterrence Specific deterrence.

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Explaining Crime

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  1. Explaining Crime Criminologists are still puzzled

  2. Deterrence theory • Often called classical criminology • People have free will • Crime is attractive • If the punishment outweighs the crime, crime is deterred

  3. Deterrence theory • General deterrence • Specific deterrence

  4. Crime deterrence relies on: • Certainty • Celerity • Severity

  5. Rational choice • Choice theory • An offshoot of deterrence theory • Offenders weigh the factors: • Personal needs • Situational factors • Legal factors

  6. Rational Choice Theory • Deterrence Theory is Crime or Event Based • Rational Choice Theory is based on Economics

  7. Burglary And Rational Choice • Time of Commission • What Time do Burglars work? • What days? • Where do they work?

  8. Biological theories • Criminality is inherited or due to biological or psychological conditions beyond the criminals control • Biocriminologists attempt to link physical traits with tendencies towards violence, aggression and antisocial behavior

  9. Psychoanalytic theory • The Actions and Behavior of an Adult are Understood in Terms of Childhood Development • Behavior and Unconscious are Related • Criminality is Psychological Conflict

  10. Behavioral theory • Criminal behavior is learned through interactions, Habituation • Symbolic interactionism (Herbert Blumer)

  11. Social learning theory • Peer influence • Media violence

  12. Sociological theories • Anomie and crime as a function of society (Durkheim)

  13. Social Disorganization Rapid Changes in industrialization or Immigration Decline in Effectiveness of Informal Social Control (Social Disorganization) Development of delinquency areas: Geographically Rooted

  14. Concentric Zone Model

  15. Anomie / Strain Theory • Criminals are frustrated because of their inability to achieve social success • This frustration creates strain • They adapt

  16. Sources of Strain Negative Affective States Antisocial Behavior Failure to Achieve Goals • Anger • Frustration • Disappointment • Depression • fear Drug abuse Delinquency Violence Dropping out Disjunction of expectations and achievements Removal of Positive Stimuli Presentation of Negative Stimuli

  17. Labeling theory • Criminals are created when social control agencies define and stigmatize them with the deviant label • Stereotypes • Primary deviance • Secondary deviance

  18. Control theory (Travis Hirschi) • Attachment, commitment, involvement, belief • Weak bonds result in deviant behavior

  19. Conflict theory • Crime is caused by economic and political forces in society • The justice system serves the rich and powerful

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