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Modern India and Pakistan

Modern India and Pakistan. India. Border problems. Jawarlal Nehru. 1 st Prime Minister of India , 1947-1964. Advocated Industrialization . Promoted “Green Revolution”. Mixed Economy . Nonaligned Movement. Non-Alignment Movement. India’s “mixed economy”.

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Modern India and Pakistan

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  1. Modern India and Pakistan

  2. India

  3. Border problems

  4. Jawarlal Nehru • 1st Prime Minister of India, 1947-1964. • Advocated Industrialization. • Promoted “Green Revolution”. • Mixed Economy. • Nonaligned Movement

  5. Non-Alignment Movement

  6. India’s “mixed economy” • Mixed Economy: refers to private & govt. ownership • Foreign aid and foreign investment are crucial. • Urban areas have high-tech companies. • Three quarters of the population are farmers living in small villages.

  7. India’s “Green Revolution” • Introducing higher-yielding varieties of seeds in 1965. • Increased use of fertilizers & irrigation. • GOAL make India self-sufficient in food grains.

  8. Indira Gandhi • Nehru’s daughter. • 1st women leader & Prime Minister of India, 1966-1984. • Continues Nehru’s policies. • Faced corruption charges & internal rebellion. • Assassinated in 1984.

  9. Mrs. Gandhi assassinated!

  10. Rajiv Gandhi • Indira’s son. • Prime Minister of India, 1984-1989. • Some reform of economy and government. • Also faced rebellion. • Assassinated in 1991 by suicide bomber while campaigning.

  11. Sonia Maino Gandhi • 1968  Italian Sonia • Maino married Rajiv • 1983  becomes an • Indiancitizen • 1984 is first lady when her husband, Rajiv Gandhi, succeeded his assassinated mother as Prime Minister.

  12. Sonia Gandhi remains Roman Catholic, but follows Hindu and Indian traditions. • With her children, she scattered Rajiv's ashes in the Ganges.

  13. After Rajiv's death Sonia shied away from the spotlight. In 1998, she agreed to start her own career as a “Gandhi” again and became an important political leader.

  14. Sonia's son Rahul and daughter Priyanka have also become politically active.

  15. “The Jewel turns down the crown!” • When her party won in the2004 elections, she was asked to be Prime Minister. • She decided not to accept the position.

  16. Manmohan Singh • May 2004  he held up • a letterfrom India's president authorizing him • toform a newgovernment • asprime minister • India Swears in 13th • Prime Minister and • the first Sikh in the job Current Prime Minister of India

  17. India’s economy today • World’s 3rd largest economy  by GDP • (PPP) • World’s 9thlargest economy  by GDP • (Nominal) • Fast growing economy  one of the fastest growing economies in the world • Foreign investment boosts economy  telecommunication and information technology • Top Business Sectors  small car manufacturing, technology, and Bolywood

  18. Problems in india today • Overpopulation 1 billion & climbing • Hindu-Muslim tensions  India v Pakistan • Gender issues  dowry killings • Caste bias  discrimination against castes • Kashmir dispute and nuclear weapons • Political assassinations

  19. Is the dream gone?

  20. Pakistan

  21. Ali Jinnah • 1st Leader (Governor-General) of independent Pakistan • Dangerous combination • Was not prepared to rule in 1948. • Strong Islamic fundamentalism. • Impoverished. • Pakistan divides in 1972 • W. Pakistan = Pakistan • E. Pakistan = Bangladesh

  22. Division of Pakistan • Pakistan divides in 1972 • W. Pakistan = Pakistan • E. Pakistan = Bangladesh

  23. Benazir Bhutto • First Woman Prime Minister of Pakistan, 1988 • Served two terms 1988-1990 1993 = faced corruption charges 1993-1996 • 2007 Returned to Pakistan to run for re-election but was assassinated

  24. Nawaz Sharif • Nawaz Sharif • Ousted three times. • Struggle between modernizers and fundamentalists. • Overthrown in bloodless military coup

  25. Gen. PervezMusharaff • led bloodless coup d'état • ruled Pakistan as head of state 1999-2001 • ruled Pakistan as president 2001-2008 • Led a secular govt. • Anti-Islamic fundamentalist • U.S. ally in the • “War on Terror.” • resigned in 2008 • facing impeachment

  26. Current Government • Form: Parliamentary Republic • Led by: Asif Ali Zardari • Closest ally is China • Maintains good relationship with Arab & Muslim world • Ally w/U.S. but, strained due to recent mistrust

  27. Current Issues in Pakistan • Economic development semi-industrialized but rapidly developing • Political instability  tribal and religious • Hindu-Muslim tensions w/India • Gender issues  Muslim honor killings • Terrorism relationship w/U.S. strained • The Kashmirland dispute &nuclear weapons

  28. India v. Pakistan: dangerous rivals

  29. 1971 India-Pakistan War

  30. India-Pakistan Nuclear Arms Race

  31. 2002 Nuclear Statistics

  32. Kashmir Crisis

  33. Indian Soldiers Patrol the India-Pakistan Border in Pura, the Winter Capital of the State of Jammu & Kashmir - 1998

  34. Indian Soldiers Near the Pakistani Border - 2001

  35. A Pakistani Ranger at the Indian-Pakistani Joint Border Check Post in Wagha, India - 2001

  36. Kashmiri Militants - 2003

  37. Partners in the “War on Terror?”

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