Full-Wave (Bridge) Rectifier

1. Full-Wave (Bridge) Rectifier What happens when a diode fails? (Diodes always fail as OPEN circuits)

2. Light-Emitting Diode (LED)

3. Zener Diode

4. Zener Diode

5. Zener Diode Voltage Regulator

6. Transistors Three-terminal devices with three doped silicon regions and two P-N junctions Two basic ways of implementation: Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) Field-Effect Transistor (FET)

7. C n p B n E Transistors Bipolar Junction Transistors C = collector B = base E = emitter NPN transistor

8. Transistors BJT

9. Transistors BJT

10. Transistors BJT NPN PNP

11. Transistors Field-Effect Transistors

12. Transistors Field-Effect Transistors

13. Transistors FET

14. Transistors FET When VG is positive, electrons in the p-type substrate are attracted to the oxide–silicon interface, and form an n-type conduction channel. The electrical model is represented by resistors in series. The transistor is in its ON state. NMOS

15. Transistors FET When VG = 0, the area underneath the oxide layer is still p-type, which forms a “back-to-back” diode with the n region, as shown in the electrical representation. The transistor is in its OFF state. NMOS

16. Transistors FET PMOS