TEK 8.6 Force, motion, and energy

1. The student knows that there is a relationship between force, motion, and energy. TEK 8.6 Force, motion, and energy

2. TEK 8.6 Student Expectations A) Demonstrate and calculate how unbalanced forces change the speed or direction of an object's motion. B) Differentiate between speed, velocity and acceleration. C) Investigate and describe applications of Newton’s law of inertia, law of force and acceleration, and law of action-reaction such as in vehicle restraints, sports activities, amusement park rides, Earth’s tectonic activities, and rocket launches.

3. Balanced/Unbalanced Forces Mini-Poster (Use One Page Notes Format) TX Science Fusion pgs. 186-194Must Include: • Definition of Force • Definition of Balanced and Unbalanced Forces • Draw original examples of balanced and unbalanced forces. • Define Net Forces • Give and Draw Example of Net Forces • Label the size (in Newtons) and direction (with arrow) of the forces. • Calculate the direction and net Force resulting on the object.

4. -a push or a pull -has a magnitude (size) and a direction -measured in newtons (N) -newtons = kg x m/s2 Force

5. Balanced Force -describes forces that are equal but opposite in direction -results in no motion

6. Unbalanced Force -describes unequal forces acting on an object -results in motion in the direction of the greater force

7. Net Force -the sum of all the forces acting on an object.

8. Same Direction Forces -if forces are in the same direction add forces. Fnet=F1 + F2 5 N 6 N 11 N To the left

9. Opposite Direction Forces -if forces are in the opposite directions subtract smaller from larger. Fnet = F1 – F2 5 N 10 N 5 N To the right

10. Example 10 N 25 N Up 15 N

11. Example 10 N 0 N Balanced 10 N

12. TEK 8.6 A) Demonstrate and calculate how unbalanced forces change the speed or direction of an object's motion. B) Differentiate between speed, velocity and acceleration. C) Investigate and describe applications of Newton’s law of inertia, law of force and acceleration, and law of action-reaction such as in vehicle restraints, sports activities, amusement park rides, Earth’s tectonic activities, and rocket launches.

13. I feel the need… The need for speed!

14. Speed -the distance traveled by an object in a given amount of time. speed = distance time -units = meters/second or m/s

15. Speed Speed = distance / time s = d/t Units: unit of distance (meters, inches, miles) Unit of time (seconds, minutes, hours) d S t

16. -speed of an object and its direction of motion Ex. 40 m/s to the North Velocity

17. Acceleration -rate in change of velocity (speed/direction) Acceleration measures how an object changes velocity by either moving faster, slower, or changing direction. Acceleration=change in speed and/or direction

18. Units • Distance • Mass • Time • speed • Acceleration • Force • Acceleration • Meters (m) • Kilograms (kg) • Seconds (s) • Meters/second (m/s) • Meters/second2 (m/s2) • Kg x m/s2 = newtons (N) • m/s2

19. Speed, Velocity, or Acceleration • =Distance/time • m/s2 • 40 m/s • =VF-VI/t • 85 m/s right • 33 m/s • 9.8 m/s2 • =Force/mass • 2 m/s North • =100 N/10 kg

20. Graphing Motion

21. Graphs • Graph the data • What is happening to the speed? • What would the line look like if there was no motion? • Write down the data set that would graph a stationary object.

22. Constant Speed Graph

23. Increasing Speed • Compare the speed at two different points. • Is speed constant?

24. No Motion Graph

25. Options for Distance-Time Graphs ? ? ?

26. Acceleration -rate in change of velocity (speed/direction) Acceleration measures how an object changes velocity by either moving faster, slower, or changing direction. Acceleration=change in speed and/or direction

27. Graph the data • What is happening to the acceleration? • What would the line look like if acceleration was 0m/s2?

28. Velocity/Speed Graphs Velocity (m/s) Velocity (m/s)

29. Velocity (or Speed) vs. Time Graphs • There is something about a line graph that makes people think they're looking at the path of an object. A common beginner's mistake is to look at the graph to the right and think that the the v = 9.0 m/s line corresponds to an object that is "higher" than the other objects. Don't think like this. It's wrong. • In this case, higher means faster.

30. Options for Velocity (Speed)-Time Graphs Acceleration

31. TEK 8.6 A) Demonstrate and calculate how unbalanced forces change the speed or direction of an object's motion. B) Differentiate between speed, velocity and acceleration. C) Investigate and describe applications of Newton’s law of inertia, law of force and acceleration, and law of action-reaction such as in vehicle restraints, sports activities, amusement park rides, Earth’s tectonic activities, and rocket launches.

32. Force and Motion Video Write down Newton’s 3 Laws of Motion. Write down an example of each Law.

33. Newton’s 3 Laws of Motion

34. An object at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. An object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. Newton’s 1st Law of Motion(Law of Inertia)

35. Force = mass x acceleration Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion

36. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion

37. Friction -any force that resists motion -creates heat