The New Nation

1. The New Nation Chapter 8

2. Federalists & Jeffersonian Republicans Section 3

3. The Rise of Political Parties • Commercial v. Agrarian Interests • Atlantic seaboard v. Western frontier • Anglophiles v. Francophiles • Different interests began to polarize over the issue of Jay’s Treaty in 1795. • Agrarians, Westerners, Southerners and Francophiles opposed the treaty.

4. The Rise of Political Parties Federalists Federalists Members of G.W’s administration, pro British, Anti-French, power base were merchants, urban workers, and property owners, strong in New England. • Wanted a strong national government but would still share powers with the states. Minority party after 1800. Also favored financial & diplomatic policies

5. The Rise of Political Parties Jeffersonian Republicans Jeffersonian Republicans Also, most were Southern planters and Northern planters. The majority party after 1800. • Also known as Democratic Republicans. They favored limited gov’t power, sympathetic to the French Revolution, anti-British.

6. The Adams Presidency • The Election of 1796 • John Adams won and was a Federalist • Thomas Jefferson won the second most votes but was a Republican. • Federalist President + Republican Vice President= Oppositional and ineffective government

7. The Adams Presidency • Adams authority was undercut by Jefferson and Hamilton, who had retired but still gave much advice to Adam’s Cabinet. Meanwhile, relations with France declined.

8. The Adams Presidency • In 2 years, the French seized more than 300 ships and confiscated $20 million worth of cargo. • The French delegates known as X,Y and Z demanded bribes before any negotiations to stop the seizure would occur. • Many Americans turned anti-French and prepared for war.

9. A diplomatic incident n 1798 in which Americans were outraged by the demand of the French for a bribe as a condition for negotiating with American diplomats. Adam’s popularity soared as a result. The XYZ Affair Led to a French Quasi- War, a war that never occurred.

10. The Sedition and Alien Acts • 1798- Four acts of Congress were passed that severely limited freedom of speech, press and the liberty of foreigners.

11. The Alien and Sedition Acts Alien Act & Alien Enemies Act Sedition Act Provided heavy fines and imprisonment for anyone convicted of writing, speaking or publishing anything malicious against the gov’t. • Authorized the President to order the imprisonment or deportation of suspected aliens during wartime.

12. VA & KY declared the laws unconstitutional & declared them null…states going their own way. The Alien & Sedition Act Effect- Virginia and Kentucky Resolves

13. The Revolution of 1800 • The Federalist Party split over peace negotiations with France. John Adams wanted a treaty but Hamilton headed a coalition who didn’t…..led to a division in the party prior to the Election of 1800. • The Election of 1800 was the first election with two national political parties; Federalists couldn’t overcome disunity; ticket of Jefferson & Burr attempted sectional balance.

14. Election of 1800 • Republicans voted for T. Jefferson & A. Burr which created a tie in electoral votes. The vote went to the House and they voted for Jefferson for President.

15. Democratic Republicans took South, West, NY and part of Penn. • Federalists took New England and part of Penn. The Election of 1800 12th Amendment- Created separate ballots for president and vice president, was ratified in time for the next presidential election.

16. Changing Political Culture • More people became involved in politics- voting, running for election • Increase in parades, liberty poles, July 4th holiday • Popular interest in politics increased. • In some states, universal male suffrage was implemented & in others, property requirements were lowered.

17. The Rise of a National Culture • The Press • By 1789, the U.S had 92 newspapers. • The press played a key role in politics. • Prosecution under the Sedition Act threatened to curb further development of a free press.

18. The Rise of a National culture • American Literature- • Thomas Paine’s Common Sense and The American Crisis, “These are the times that try men’s souls.”