Intro to Research

1. Intro to Research Roaring Twenties Annotated Bibliography

2. So, why should we care about research?

3. There are bigger questions in life!You will be using information to make important decisions! • Which car should I buy? • Which doctor should I choose? • Which colleges should I apply to? • Should I take this medication? • You want to be able to ensure the information you choose is reliable, credible, current, balanced, relevant, and accurate!

4. Things to Think About. . . • What kind of information are you looking for? • Facts? • Opinions? • News Reports? • Research Studies? • How much information do you need? • Where would be a likely place to look?

5. Traditional Print Sources • Books and textbooks • Newspapers • Academic and Trade journals • Government Reports and Legal Documents • Press Releases and Advertising • Flyers and Pamphlets • Multimedia (TV broadcasts, public meetings)

6. Internet-Only Sources • Web Sites • Weblogs/ Blogs • Message boards, discussion lists • Multimedia

7. Primary Sources • Document or physical object which was written or created during the time under study. These sources were present during an experience or time period and offer an inside view of a particular event. Some types of primary sources include: • ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS (excerpts or translations acceptable): Diaries, speeches, manuscripts, letters, interviews, news film footage, autobiographies, official records  • CREATIVE WORKS: Poetry, drama, novels, music, art  • RELICS OR ARTIFACTS: Pottery, furniture, clothing, buildings • Other types of primary research include: interviews, surveys or questionnaires, and observations

8. Examples of Primary Sources • Diary of Anne Frank - Experiences of a Jewish family during WWII  • The Constitution of Canada - Canadian History  • A journal article reporting NEW research or findings  • Weavings and pottery - Native American history  • Plato's Republic - Women in Ancient Greece 

9. Secondary Sources • A secondary source interprets and analyzes primary sources. These sources are one or more steps removed from the event. Secondary sources may have pictures, quotes or graphics of primary sources in them. • Secondary Sources Generally Include. . . • JOURNAL ARTICLES • MAGAZINE ARTICLES • BOOKS ABOUT THE TOPIC THAT AREN’T FROM THE TIME PERIOD • TEXTBOOKS

10. Examples of Secondary Sources • Paper on Social Media: a scholarly article about the affects of social media on teens • Report on Shakespeare: a book about his life • Research Paper on Cells: a biology textbook

11. Primary or Secondary? • You’re writing a report on Japanese cuisine: • An interview with a Sushi chef on his technique • An article from Food and Wine magazine about teppanyaki • You are putting together an informational presentation on French Bulldogs: • A book describing the characteristics of the breed • Your observations on your own French Bulldog at home • You are writing a paper on the history of the computer: • A book about the most influential people in the computer world • An autobiography written by Bill Gates • You are doing a report on the Civil War: • The Gettysburg Address • A history textbook

12. How do we know if a web source is credible? Hmmm. This one looks good. How can I tell for sure?

13. It’s okay to be confused! • There are billions of websites out there • Many of them are not worthy of your time and don’t belong in your bibliographies! • Sometimes it’s very hard to tell treasure from trash • Sometimes Web developers don’t want you to understand the difference

14. Remember:Anyone can publish anythingon the Web!It is your job, as a researcher, to look for quality!

15. Yeah, and how can we be sure our teacher will think it’s good enough to cite? Okay, so how do we know if a site is good?

16. Think of CARRDSS • CREDIBILITY / AUTHORITY • ACCURACY • RELIABILITY • RELEVANCE • DATE • SOURCES BEHIND THE TEXT • SCOPE AND PURPOSE

17. CREDIBILITY / AUTHORITY : • Who is the author? • What are his or her credentials? Education? Experience? Affiliation? • Does the author’s experience really qualify him or her as an expert? Is it a 7th grader doing a report on WWII? • Does he or she offer first-hand credibility? (For instance, a Vietnam veteran or a witness to Woodstock?) • Who actually published this page? • Is this a personal page or is it part of the site belonging to a major institution? (Clues pointing to a personal page: ~ tilde, %, users, members)

18. ACCURACY: • Can facts, statistics, or other information be verified through other sources? • This is why you need more than one source when researching. • Based on your knowledge, does the information seem accurate? Is the information inconsistent with information you learned from other sources? • Is the information second hand? Has it been altered? • Do there appear to be errors on the page (spelling, grammar, facts)?

19. RELIABILITY: • Does the source present a particular view or bias? • Is the page affiliated with an organization that has a particular political or social agenda? • Is the page selling a product? • Can you find other material to offer balance so that you can see the bigger picture? • Was the information found in a paid placement or sponsored result from the search engine? • Information is seldom neutral. Sometimes a bias is useful for persuasive essays or debates. Understanding bias is important.

20. RELEVANCE: • Does this information directly support my hypothesis/thesis or help to answer my question? • Can I eliminate or ignore it because it simply doesn’t help me?

21. DATE: • When was this information created? • When was it revised? • Are these dates meaningful in terms of your information needs? • Has the author of the page stopped maintaining it? • If this material has not been updated in quite a while you should be concerned. • (Be suspicious of undated material.)

22. SOURCES BEHIND THE TEXT: • Did the author bother to document his or her sources? Use reliable, credible sources? • Were those references popular, scholarly, reputable? • Are the hyperlinks reliable, valuable? • Do the links work?

23. SCOPE / PURPOSE: • Does this source address my hypothesis/thesis/question? • Is it material I can read and understand? • Is it too simple? Is it too challenging? • Who is the intended audience? • Why was this page created? To inform or explain? To persuade? To sell?

24. .com=commercial sites (vary in their credibility) .gov=U.S. government site .org=organization, often non-profit. Some have strong bias and agendas .edu=school or university site (is it K-12? By a student? By a scholar?) .store=retail business .int=international institution .ac=educational institution (like .edu) .mil=U.S. military site .net=networked service provider, Internet administrative site .museum=museum .name=individual Internet user .biz=a business .pro=professional’s site ~=personal site URLs as clues to content

25. Just as you evaluate your sources . . . We will evaluate your work based on the quality of the sources you select. Evaluate carefully. Don’t settle for good enough! Quality always counts!

26. Which is credible? • You are trying to figure out which movie to watch tonight. . . • http://www.imdb.com/user/ur1391596/comments?ref_=tt_urv • http://www.philly.com/philly/entertainment/movies/20140110__Her___Alone_with_the_lovely_voice_in_his_computer.html • You are trying to research a political figure in preparation for election. . . • http://www.barackobama.com/?source=site_20131217_splash#get-the-facts • http://www.cbsnews.com/news/poll-americans-split-on-obama-approval/ • You are trying to do a report on the Czech Republic. . . • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic • https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ez.html

27. Helpful Websites/ Places to find Sources • Google Scholar: http://scholar.google.com • JSTOR: http://www.jstor.org • South Lyon High School Library: http://destiny.oakland.k12.mi.us/cataloging/servlet/presentadvancedsearchredirectorform.do?l2m=Library%20Search&tm=TopLevelCatalog&l2m=Library+Search • If you find a source you like, look at what that source cites to find more sources!