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Warm Up

Warm Up. Who: You + a few of your friends Where: Savannah of Africa (far from civilization) Equipment: Absolutely nothing What daily activities would take up the bulk of your time and energy?. Prehistory & Human Origins. Prehistory. “ Pre ” means  ______

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Warm Up

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  1. Warm Up • Who: • You + a few of your friends • Where: • Savannah of Africa (far from civilization) • Equipment: • Absolutely nothing • What daily activities would take up the bulk of your time and energy?

  2. Prehistory & Human Origins

  3. Prehistory • “Pre” means  ______ • History  Invention of writing • Beginning of the universe to c. 5000 years ago • c. = Circa means  _____ • Where does our information come from? • From the fields of • Archaeologists • Artifacts  human made objects • Anthropologists • Culture • Paleontologists • Fossils • Geologists • Biologists • Etc…

  4. Natural Selection • Humans come from a long line of ancestors • 20 million yrs ago • Our ancestors evolved from small primates • 6 -7 million yrs ago • Opposable thumb  thumb can cross the palm • Benefits? • Pick up objects • Make tools • Out of 250 species of primates, how many can walk on two legs?

  5. Bipedalism • Bi means  _______ • Ped means  _______ • Two feet • Benefits? • Travel distances more easily • Spot food or threatening animals • Carry food & offspring •  Key defining feature of being human  • Some say the large brain • 2 mil. yrs ago, long after we were • Upright & using tools

  6. Hominids • Humans & closest relatives • Ardipithecus ramidus • Australopithecines • Homo habilis • Home erectus • Neanderthal • Cro-Magnon

  7. Ardi’s Hand Ardi’s Skeleton

  8. Ardipithecus ramidus (Ardi) • little foot bone • medial cuneiform • Humans & other hominids • big toe lines up with the others • Benefits = bipedal stride • In apes & Ardi • points different direction • grasp against the other toes • to grip  tree limbs

  9. Ardi • Both • Biped & quadruped • Teeth • male canines  reduced • shift in social behavior • away from male-male aggression • cooperation between males

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