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Nanotechnology Manfred Scriba Materials Sciences and Manufacturing 27 October 2006 mrscriba@csir.co.za

Nanotechnology Manfred Scriba Materials Sciences and Manufacturing 27 October 2006 mrscriba@csir.co.za. Overview. How small? Nanotechnology – definition Examples Approach to manufacture Tools Building blocks Applications International South Africa CSIR Activities. Ant head 1mm.

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Nanotechnology Manfred Scriba Materials Sciences and Manufacturing 27 October 2006 mrscriba@csir.co.za

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  1. NanotechnologyManfred ScribaMaterials Sciences and Manufacturing 27 October 2006mrscriba@csir.co.za

  2. Overview • How small? • Nanotechnology – definition • Examples • Approach to manufacture • Tools • Building blocks • Applications • International • South Africa • CSIR Activities © CSIR 2006 www.csir.co.za

  3. Ant head 1mm Human hair 100um , 100 000nm Red blood cell 10um, 10 000nm DNA 4nm wide H2O Molecule 0.2nm How small? © CSIR 2006 www.csir.co.za

  4. Nanotechnology “ Nanotechnology is concerned with materials and systems, whose structures and components exhibit novel and significantly improved physical, chemical and biological properties – and that enable the exploitation of novel phenomena and processes – due to their nanoscale size.” - National Nanotechnology Initiative, USA 2 examples © CSIR 2006 www.csir.co.za

  5. 1 mm3 1. Nanoparticles1: surface area 100 000 000 000 000 000 000 10 nm3 in 1 mm3 Dissolution time: 1 mm3 - 34 million years 1 nm3 - 1.1 seconds © CSIR 2006 www.csir.co.za

  6. Nanoparticles2 Greatly IMPROVED: • surface area (>800m2/gram) • catalytic activity • mechanical reinforcement • magnetic properties (super-magnets) • ductility and formability of ceramics • luminescence of semiconductors • waste reduction © CSIR 2006 www.csir.co.za

  7. 2. Carbon Nanotubes: Strength • Remarkable properties: • Conduct better than Cu • Behave like metals or semiconductor • Heat transmission better than diamond • Very strong (100x steel) • 1/6 the weight © CSIR 2006 www.csir.co.za

  8. © CSIR 2006 www.csir.co.za

  9. Approach to manufacture Bottom Up / Top Down • ‘Sculpt’ from Bulk • Lithography • Etching • Ion beam milling • Ball milling Assemble Nano-parts • Chemical Synthesis • Vapour Deposition • Sol-gel • Pyrolysis • Manipulators • SELF ASSEMBLY © CSIR 2006 www.csir.co.za

  10. Tools Synthesis • Chemical vapour deposition • Plasma • Sol-gel • Laser ablation • Reactor • Chemical lab Characterisation • SEM, AFM, STM • TEM, XRD • Nano-tweezers • Lasers • Focused Ion Beam • Clean Rooms © CSIR 2006 www.csir.co.za

  11. Building Blocks • Fullerenes/nanotubes • Nanoparticles • Nanofibres • Nanocomposites • Layers/Films • Nano-Dots/Wires • Nano–Biotech © CSIR 2006 www.csir.co.za

  12. Nanocomposites © CSIR 2006 www.csir.co.za

  13. Biomimetics © CSIR 2006 www.csir.co.za

  14. APPLICATIONS © CSIR 2006 www.csir.co.za

  15. INFORMATION © CSIR 2006 www.csir.co.za

  16. Quantum Dots © CSIR 2006 www.csir.co.za

  17. 1 mm3 1bit > 1nm (bits are stacked) 50% connections = 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 Byte = 1 000 000 000 Gigabyte = 10 000 000 000 Bibles • Digital memory – capacity / cost • Access – speed / ease • Display – cost / size / flexibility Current: 1 Gigabyte © CSIR 2006 www.csir.co.za

  18. ENERGY © CSIR 2006 www.csir.co.za

  19. HEALTH1 © CSIR 2006 www.csir.co.za

  20. Nanocapsules HEALTH2 © CSIR 2006 www.csir.co.za

  21. AUTOMOTIVE © CSIR 2006 www.csir.co.za

  22. COSMETIC © CSIR 2006 www.csir.co.za

  23. INTERNATIONAL Big R&D spending (2005) • Japan > $800m • W. Europe > $700m • USA > $800m • Other > $600m © CSIR 2006 www.csir.co.za

  24. South Africa © CSIR 2006 www.csir.co.za

  25. FOCUS: Social Water Energy Health Industry Materials Minerals and Mining Chemical and Bio-processing South Africa Strategy 2006 • R420m (3years) • HRD • Equipment • Chairs • Flagship projects www.sani.org.za 200+ members (SA and International) © CSIR 2006 www.csir.co.za

  26. CSIR activities • Nanoscienece Research Group • CNT • Nanoparticles • Nanocomposites • Drug encapsulation • Dye solar cells (TiO2 nanoparticle) • Fuel cell membranes © CSIR 2006 www.csir.co.za

  27. END

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