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The Electrocardiogram

The Electrocardiogram. By Jessica, Zahid & Scott. What is Electrocardiography?. It is the method of monitoring and recording the electric currents generated during alternating contractions of the atria and ventricles of the heart. What is an EKG?.

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The Electrocardiogram

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  1. The Electrocardiogram By Jessica, Zahid & Scott

  2. What is Electrocardiography? It is the method of monitoring and recording the electric currents generated during alternating contractions of the atria and ventricles of the heart

  3. What is an EKG? • An EKG is a device used that monitors and records impulses or signals given off by the heart • To trace these Signals electrodes are placed on your body in areas where it is easiest to measure • The most common of these places are your two wrists, your right ankle and your chest • When these results are recorded on the computer or paper, doctors can determine their patients health

  4. Waveforms • In the EKG, the paths of the electrical impulses are followed throughout the heart and then broken down into three waveforms • The P wave runs through the atria • The QRS complex runs through both the atria and ventricle • and the T wave which runs through the ventricles

  5. P wave, QRS complex and T wave • The P wave is an atrial contraction • If it is longer then .2 seconds, it could indicate first degree heart blocks • The QRS complex is composed of the atrial relaxation and the ventricle contraction • It is usually 0.06 to 0.10 seconds long.  Any longer duration indicates an abnormal condition • The T wave is the ventricular relaxation

  6. When is an EKG used? • If the hearts natural signal is interrupted, delayed or sent down a wrong path disorders such as Angina, Palpitations, & Syncope can occur • Therefore an EKG can be used to detect beginning symptoms of a heart problem yet it can not determine the exact problem until other tests and other machines are used

  7. The Process of Making the EKG 1. Used Computer Program (CAD) 2. Used Printed Circuit boards 3. Soldering 4. LabView Computer program

  8. Basic Electronics Elements used to create a circuit: What is a Circuit? • The complete path between two or more electrical components Electricity: Energy associated with charged particles • Current:Flow of electricity (amperes) • Voltage:Amount of electrical force to move the current through the circuit(volts)

  9. Basic Electronics (2) • Resistors: Opposes the flow of electricity and takes away the electrical energy away from the circuit, as heat. (Ohm is unit of resistance) • Printed Circuit Board: Connects all the electrical components together • Integrated Circuit Chip (IC Chips): Specific circuit that has been miniaturized to fit into a small package. -Operational-Amplifier (Op-Amp)

  10. Basic Electronics (3) Capacitors: • Unit of capacitance is the Farad (F) • Purpose of capacitors in the EKG is to act like filters

  11. Soldering Techniques • Soldering is done on the bottom layer of the board • Parts like the capacitors, resistors & wires, all have to be soldered onto to the circuit board

  12. What is an Amplifier? In a Speaker: • Amp in a speaker increases the sound wave When referring to a EKG: • Purpose of a Amplifier is to see the voltage difference across the heart • Increases the signal enough in the EKG so that we can see it. Inside an Amp

  13. What Actually happens in the EKG? • Analog Signal: Voltage that changes over time • Deals with the two Inputs, (both of the arms) • Differential Amplifier is the most important part of EKG since they take the difference between the two inputs and multiply it by the gain

  14. LabVIEW • A Graphical Computer Language which includes symbols rather than writing out lines of programming text • Based in a Graphical Programming Interface • Used LabVIEW to communicate with the EKG • Displays the EKG signal and calculates heart rate • It can communicate with several input/output devices used commonly in the medical field

  15. The Digital Logic System • Based on binary number coding: The use of only ones and zeros • Makes use of devices which alter information to reach desired outcomes; known as “ands,” “ors,” and “nots”

  16. Parts of the Digital System Within a typical digital system, different parts are placed along the circuit; one of these parts is known as an “and.” • Requires the input of two ones in order to produce an output of one, as its name infers

  17. Parts of the Digital System Another part of the digital logic system is the “or,” which also adjusts information to the preference of the user • Similar to the and by receiving a dual input and bearing a single output • As it name implies, it will give an output of one if it receives just a single one

  18. Parts of the Digital System A third part of the system is known as a “not.” • This device simply inverts the input it receives to the opposite number • Can be added on to ands and ors to make “nands” and “nors”

  19. Relation of the Digital Logic System to the EKG Digital logic technology is used in various parts of the EKG, allowing it to function as desired • The microprocessor of the EKG allows for analog to digital conversion of the electrocardiogram information

  20. Additional Parts of the EKG • The isolator is a very crucial EKG part, as it insures the safety of the patient • This electrical separation eliminates any possibility for the patient of getting electrocuted

  21. Additional Parts of the EKG • Another part, the serial converter, functions by amplifyingthe digital range produced by the microprocessor • Increases voltage range from (0 to 5)  (-10 to 10) • This allows for the data to be read by the computer’s serial port

  22. We Would Like To Thank… Dr. Enderle Chris Liebler James Hart Naomi Thonakkaraparayil Francisco Rodriguez Randy Trumbower Kevin O’Connor Heather Spottiswoode Joseph Renzulli William Berkley Desi Nesmith

  23. Work Cited www.findarticles.com www.google.com www.howstuffworks.com www.sln.fi.edu

  24. DEMONSTRATIONTIME

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