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Kyoji Fukao (Hitotsubashi Univeristy) Tsutomu Miyagawa (Gakushuin University) Joji Tokui (Shinshu University)

The JIP Database 1. What it is? 2. JIP 2009 results 3. A robustness check on JIP Labor Input Data World KLEMS 1st Conference August 19-20, 2010. Kyoji Fukao (Hitotsubashi Univeristy) Tsutomu Miyagawa (Gakushuin University) Joji Tokui (Shinshu University).

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Kyoji Fukao (Hitotsubashi Univeristy) Tsutomu Miyagawa (Gakushuin University) Joji Tokui (Shinshu University)

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  1. The JIP Database1. What it is? 2. JIP 2009 results 3. A robustness check on JIP Labor Input DataWorld KLEMS 1st ConferenceAugust 19-20, 2010 Kyoji Fukao (Hitotsubashi Univeristy) Tsutomu Miyagawa (Gakushuin University) Joji Tokui (Shinshu University)

  2. 1. What is the JIP Darabase? • JIP = Japan Industrial Productivity • The JIP Database is compiled as one of the RIETI’s research project. The RIETI (Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry) is a government agency. • We are providing the JIP data on the RIETI’s website. http://www.rieti.go.jp/en/database/index.html

  3. JIP database 2009 table index #1/5 (1) Input-Output table1) Value of output and intermediate input table (current prices, million yen) [XLS:77KB] updated June 2, 20092) Value of output and intermediate input table (constant prices, million yen) [XLS:77KB] updated June 2, 20093) Input-output table (current prices, million yen) [ZIP:993KB] updated June 2, 20094) Input-output table (constant prices, million yen) [ZIP:1.36MB] updated June 2, 20095) Distribution of gross value added: current prices [XLS:305KB]  updated June 2, 2009 i) Consumption of fixed capital     ii) Indirect taxes and subsidies     iii) Compensation of employees and mixed income     iv) Operating surplus 6) Final demand by sectors (current prices, million yen) [XLS:298KB] updated June 2, 20097) Final demand by sectors (constant prices, million yen) [XLS:338KB] updated June 2, 2009

  4. JIP database 2009 table index #2/5 (2) Capital input1) Investment by sectors [XLS:663KB]  updated June 2, 2009 i) Investment by sector (constant prices, million yen)     ii) Investment by asset (constant prices, million yen)     iii) Indices of capital input by sector (2000=1.000)     iv) Indices of capital quality by sector (2000=1.000)     v) Average annual change in real net capital stock by sector (by percent)     vi) Real net capital stock by sectors (year 2000 prices, million yen)     vii) Real net capital stock by the type of capital goods (year 2000 prices, million yen)     viii) Nominal capital services (nominal rental price*real net capital stock, million yen) 2) IT investment by sector [XLS:647KB]  updated June 2, 2009 i) IT investment by sector (current prices, million yen)     ii) IT investment by sector (constant prices, million yen)     iii) IT investment (hardware) by sector (current prices, million yen)     iv) IT investment (hardware) by sector (constant prices, million yen)     v) IT investment (software) by sector (current prices, million yen)     vi) IT investment (software) by sector (constant prices, million yen)     vii) IT capital stock by sector (current prices, million yen)     viii) Non-IT capital stock by sector (constant prices, million yen) 3) Investment matrix and stock matrix updated June 2, 2009    i) Investment matrix (current prices) [XLS:2.44MB] updated June 2, 2009    ii) Investment matrix (2000: constant prices) [XLS:2.43MB] updated June 2, 2009    iii) Stock matrix (2000: constant prices) [XLS:2.56MB]

  5. JIP database 2009 table index #3/5 (3) Labor input1) Indices of labor input by sector (2000=1.000) [XLS:86KB] updated June 2, 20092) Average annual change in indices of labor input by sector (%) [XLS:41KB] updated June 2, 20093) Indices of man-hours by sector (2000=1.000) [XLS:85KB] updated June 2, 20094) Average annual change in man-hours (%) [XLS:41KB] updated June 2, 20095) Indices of labor quality by sector (2000=1.000) [XLS:101KB] updated June 2, 20096) Average annual change in indices of labor quality by sector (%) [XLS:41KB] updated June 2, 20097) Number of workers by sector [XLS:93KB] updated June 2, 20098) Man-hours by sector (1,000 workers* total annual working hours) [XLS:85KB] updated June 2, 20099) Nominal labor costs by sector (million yen) [XLS:85KB] updated June 2, 200910) Female ratio (female workers/total workers, %) [XLS:32KB] updated June 2, 200911) Part-time workers ratio (part-time workers/total workers, %) [XLS:32KB] updated June 2, 200912) Ratio of workers over 55 years old (workers over 55 years old/total workers, %) [XLS:32KB]

  6. JIP database 2009 table index #4/5 (4) Growth accounting [ZIP:1.62MB] updated June 17, 2009 1) Individual spreadsheet titles 2) Definition of aggregate sectors 3) Output (year 2000 prices, million yen) 4) Growth rate of output (constant prices) 5) Output (current prices, million yen) 6) Intermediate input index (Divisia index, 2000=1.000) 7) Intermediate input (Simple total, year 2000 prices, million yen) 8) Intermediate input (current prices, million yen) 9) Value added (current prices, million yen) 10) Labor input index (Divisia index, 2000=1.000) 11) Labor costs by sector (current prices, million yen) 12) Indices of labor quality (2000=1.000) 13) Indices of man-hours (2000=1.000) 14) Indices of capital service input (Divisia index, 2000=1.000) 15) Capital services (current rental price*constant net capital stock, million yen) 16) Indices of capital quality (2000=1.000) 17) Indices of net capital stock (2000=1.000) 18) Cost share of production factor 19) Growth rate of sectoral TFP 20) Contribution by production factors (value added base) 21) Contribution by production factors (output base) 22) Growth accounting (value added base) 23) Growth accounting (output base) 24) TFP percentage change (value added base)

  7. JIP database 2009 table index #5/5 (5) Supplementary tables updated June 2, 2009 1) Regulation Indices for 97 Sectors [CSV:45KB] updated June 2, 20092) Outward FDI by JIP 2009 Sector and Region: 1985-2005 [CSV:352KB]For figures in more detailed country classification, see RIETI FDI database. updated June 2, 20093) Share of Workers by Occupation and JIP 2009 Sector: 1980-2005 [CSV:444KB] (6) Industry concordance with JSIC and ISIC updated June 28, 2008CSV [CSV:121KB] PDF [PDF:218KB]

  8. We are working on the team. JIP 2009 was compiled by the following scholars. Annual input-output tables FUKAO Kyoji (Hitotsubashi University) MATSUURA Toshiyuki (Keio University) OKANO Yusuke (Graduate School, Senshu University) KWON Hyeog Ug (Nihon University) Capital service input data MIYAGAWA Tsutomu (Gakushuin University) INUI Tomohiko (Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office and Nihon University) HISA Shoichi (RIETI Research Assistant) Labor input data TOKUI Joji (Shinshu University) MAKINO Tatsuji (RIETI Research Assistant) Supplementary tables ITO Keiko (Senshu University) INUI Tomohiko (Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office and Nihon University) MATSUURA Toshiyuki (Keio University)

  9. JIP sector classification

  10. Sectors, and years the JIP covers. • The JIP covers 108 sectors, of which 52 sectors are manufacturing, and of which 46 sectors are services. • These sectoral classification are on the activity (commodity) basis, not on the industry basis. • The JIP 2009 covers years from 1970 to 2006. Now we are preparing the JIP 2010, scheduledto be provided on September.

  11. How we construct the JIP data? – (1) Input-Output (IO) Tables • The symmetric IO Tables of the JIP are based on three types of IO tables compiled by the Japanese government: 1) Linked IO Tables (every 5 years), 2) Annual Extended IO Tables (annually), 3) SNA IO Tables (annually). • Using RAS method we estimate the JIP-108-sector IO tables annually.

  12. How we construct the JIP data? – (2) Capital • We construct net capital stock and capital service indices. • 39 types of assets×108 sectors • We construct investment series by industry and by asset. We use capital formation data from the Fixed Capital Flow Matrix, which is published every five years. We interpolate the data for intervening years by using industry-specific surveys. • To construct net capital stock series we use the perpetual inventory method based on BEA depreciation rates for various types of assets.

  13. How we construct the JIP data? – (3) Labor • The JIP labor data is cross-classified by gender, age (11 categories), education (4 categories), and employment status of workers (3 categories). • For employment status of workers, we have the category of part-time workers. • Since sectral classification of labor data is based on industry, we convert labor data into activity base using V-table of SNA to be consistent with the IO tables and capital series.

  14. 2. JIP 2009 results

  15. In the order of 1980s’ TFP growth rate

  16. In the order of 1980s’ TFP growth rate

  17. In the 1980s there were sharp contrast between productivity-rising sectors and productivity-declining sectors. • In the 1990s productivity change was slowed in the overall sectors. • In the first half of 2000s it seems to be the emergence of some productivity-rising sectors. But these productivity-leading sectors in the 2000s are not the same as those in the 1980s.

  18. Growth Accounting-(1) Macroeconomy

  19. Growth Accounting-(2) Manufacturing

  20. Growth Accounting-(3) Non-manufacturing

  21. The Japanese economic growth somewhat recovered in the first half of 2000s after experiencing slow growth in the 1990s. • This recovery was mainly caused by the TFP growth. • In 2006 the TFP growth began to stagnate, which effect was partly offset by the increase in labor input. • We can find these tendencies in both manufacturing and non-manufacturing sector.

  22. 3. A robustness check on JIP Labor Input Data • As a robustness check on JIP labor data, we estimated the productivity disparities between self-employed workers and employees by estimating a production function. • The data we used are enterprise-level micro data from the Census of Manufacturing between 1981 and 2000. Tokui, Joji, Tatsuji Makino, and Yoko Takahashi, “Productivity Disparities between Self-Employed Workers and Employees,” RIETI Discussion Paper 09-J-018 (in Japanese).

  23. Figure 1. JIP labor input after adjusting self-employed workers’ productivity

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